Figure 5.

Lip-C₆, but not gemcitibine, inhibits Akt and Erk signaling pathways in PANC-1 cells. PANC-1 cells were maintained in media containing 2.5% FBS to reduce the background level of phosphorylation. Cells were treated with control (media only), Lip-Ghost (total lipid weight-matched), Lip-C₆ (35 µM C₆-ceramide), 20 µM gemcitabine (Gem), or a combination of Lip-C₆ and Gem, for 24 h. Cells were harvested, lysed and total proteins were subjected to protein gel blotting. (A) Phosphorylated-Erk (pErk) and (B) phosphorylated-Akt (pAkt), were detected using monoclonal antibodies against pErk and pAkt, respectively. Total Erk and total Akt, protein levels were quantified using anti-Erk and anti-Akt, antibodies, respectively one-way ANOVA: ^#p < 0.01 compared with control or Gem, *p < 0.05 compared with control, Lip-Ghost or Gem, n = 3).