FIG. 7.

Trauma-induced alterations in membrane permeability in neurons versus astrocytes. A subset of co-cultures was generated using green fluorescent protein⁺ (GFP⁺) neurons mixed with wild-type astrocytes to permit neuronal identification, and a red permeability marker was utilized (rhodamine). Here, there was a mix of both rhod⁺/GFP⁻ astrocytes (denoted by arrowheads in A), and rhod⁺/GFP⁺ neurons (denoted by arrows in B), exhibiting altered membrane permeability following injury. This demonstrated the susceptibility of both cell types to acute plasmalemma disruptions following dynamic loading.