Table 1.
Characteristics of the 217 patients analysed
| Entire population N = 217 | Patients without AKI at H6 N = 116 | Patients with AKI at H6 N = 101 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 ± 15 | 64 ± 16 | 64 ± 15 |
| Sex Male, n (%) | 127 (59%) | 76 (66%) | 51 (50%)* |
| SAPSII on admission | 53.2 ± 18 | 50.2 ± 16 | 56.7 ± 16* |
| Weight (kg) | 73 ± 18 | 75 ± 20 | 71 ± 16 |
| Size (cm) | 165 ± 15 | 165 ± 15 | 165 ± 15 |
| Underlying diseases: | |||
| hypertension, n (%) | 90 (41%) | 48 (41%) | 42(41%) |
| type 1 diabetes, n (%) | 2 (1.0%) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 33 (15%) | 15 (13%) | 18 (18%) |
| chronic cardiac failure, n (%) | 27 (12.0%) | 12 (10%) | 15 (15%) |
| liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 9 (4%) | 5 (4%) | 4 (4%) |
| past history of acute renal failure, n (%) | 10 (5%) | 6 (5%) | 4 (4%) |
| chronic renal failure n (%) | 9 (4%) | 3 (3%) | 6 (6%) |
| Antihypertensive drugs regularly taken | |||
| ACE inhibitors, n (%) | 41 (19%) | 22 (20%) | 19 (19%) |
| ARBs, n (%) | 22 (10%) | 12 (10%) | 10 (10%) |
| Calcium- channels blockers, n (%) | 10 (5%) | 5 (4%) | 5 (5%) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 55 (25%) | 29 (25%) | 26 (26%) |
| Nephrotoxic drugs | |||
| NSAID within 72 hours before inclusion, n (%) | 9 (4%) | 3 (3%) | 6 (6%) |
| Aminoglycosids in the last 96 h, n (%) | 52 (24%) | 26 (22%) | 26 (26%) |
| Vancomycin in the last 96 h, n (%) | 14 (6%) | 4 (3%) | 10 (10%)* |
| Iodine containing contrast media in the last five days, n (%) | 35 (16%) | 20 (17%) | 15 (15%) |
| Cause of acute circulatory failure: | |||
| Septic shock, n (%) | 127 (59%) | 64 (55%) | 63 (62%) |
| Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 18 (8%) | 10 (9%) | 8 (8%) |
| Hemorrhagic shock, n (%) | 9 (4%) | 4 (3%) | 5 (5%) |
| Hypovolemic shock, n (%) | 42 (20%) | 27 (23%) | 17 (17%) |
| Post cardiac arrest (%) | 15 (6%) | 9 (8%) | 6 (6%) |
| Unknown n (%) | 5 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 2 (2%) |
| Urinary sepsis, n (%) | 26 (12%) | 10 (9%) | 16 (16%) |
| Urinary tract obstruction, n (%) | 8 (4%) | 3 (3%) | 2 (2%) |
| Acute kidney insufficiency at H72, n (%) | 66 (30%) | 23 (20%) | 43 (43%)* |
| ICU death, n (%) | 76 (35%) | 40 (34%) | 36 (36%) |
| Hospital death, n (%) | 84 (39%) | 42 (36%) | 42 (42%) |
| Time elapsed between occurrence of hypotension and inclusion (hours) | 4.1 ± 4.4 (median = 3; IQR: 1.5 to 6.5) |
4.0 ± 4.5 | 4.3 ± 4 |
| Time elapsed between occurrence of hypotension and inclusion (hours) | 4.1 ± 4.4 (median = 3; IQR: 1.5 to 6.5) |
4.0 ± 4.5 | 4.3 ± 4 |
| Lowest MAP before inclusion (mmHg) | 52 ± 13 mm Hg (median = 53; IQR: 44 to 62) | 52 ± 14 | 52 ± 14 |
| MAP at inclusion (mmHg) | 68 ± 16 (median = 66; IQR: 57 to 76) |
67 ± 15 | 68 ± 17 |
| Continuous i.v. catecholamines during the first 72 hours | |||
| Epinephrine, n (%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) |
| Norepinephrine alone, n (%) | 107 (43.5%) | 54 (43.5%) | 53 (43.5%) |
| Dobutamine alone, n (%) | 1 (4%) | 0 (4%) | 1 (4%) |
| Dobutamine + Norepinephrine, n (%) | 10 (5%) | 8 (5%) | 2 (5%) |
| Epinephrine+ Norepinephrine, n (%) | 7 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 5 (2%) |
| Epinephrine + Norepinephrine + Dobutamine, n (%) | 2 (17%) | 1 (17%) | 1 (17%) |
| None, n (%) | 88 (28) | 51 (28) | 37 (28) |
| Volume expansion in the last six hours before inclusion (mL) | 2,190 ± 1,690 (median = 2,000; IQR: 1,000 to 3,000) |
1,960 ± 1,720 | 2,460 ± 1,600* |
|
Volume expansion from six hours before inclusion to H72 (mL) |
4,800 ± 2,660 (median = 4,500; IQR: 3,000 to 6,000) | 4,450 ± 2,730 | 5,180 ± 2,540 |
ACE: Angiotensin Conversion Enzyme; AKI: Acute Kidney Insufficiency; ARB: Angiotensin II receptor blockers; IQR: interquartile range; MAP: mean arterial pressure; NSAID: Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug.
*: Significant difference between patients with AKI at H6 and patients without AKI at H6 (P < 0.05)