Table 1.
Patient characteristics by AKI status and variable associations with AKIa,b
| Mean (± SD), median or n (%)e | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics (N = 2,106) | AKI (n = 377) | Non-AKI (n = 1,729) | P valuec | AKI risk factors adjusted ORs (95% CI)d |
| AKI risk factors | ||||
| Age, years | 5.0 (5.5), 2.2 | 6.0 (5.7), 4.0 | 0.002 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) |
| PRISM scoref | 7.9 (6.3), 7 | 4.8 (4.6), 4 | < 0.001 | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.13)g |
| Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine |
116 (30.8%) | 620 (35.9%) | 0.06 | 0.79 (0.61 to 1.02) |
| Female gender | 161(42.7%) | 757 (43.8%) | 0.7 | 1.00 (0.79 to 1.27) |
| Mechanically ventilated | 226 (60.0%) | 747 (43.2%) | < 0.001 | 1.52 (1.18 to 1.94)g |
| Measured bSCr | 218 (57.8%) | 757 (43.8%) | < 0.001 | 2.22 (1.72 to 2.86)g |
| Postoperative (noncardiac) | 102 (27.1%) | 624 (36.1%) | 0.001 | 0.68 (0.51 to 0.90)g |
| Admission for trauma | 15 (4.0%) | 132 (7.6%) | 0.01 | 0.59 (0.33 to 1.07) |
| Documented infection | 39 (10.3%) | 67 (3.9%) | < 0.001 | 1.92 (1.23 to 2.99)g |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Length of mechanical ventilation, days |
5.4 (9.7), 1 | 2.2 (8.6), 0 | < 0.001 | Not applicable |
| PICU length of stay, days | 9.7 (21.7), 3.1 | 4.6 (16.2), 2 | < 0.001 | Not applicable |
| PICU mortality | 39 (10.3%) | 30 (1.7%) | < 0.001 | Not applicable |
aAKI = acute kidney injury; bSCr = baseline serum creatinine; I = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; PICU = pediatric intensive care unit; PRISM = Pediatric Risk of Mortality; SD = standard deviation;
bAKI was defined according to the traditional Acute Kidney Injury Network staging system by using the lowest SCr level in the previous three months or age- and gender-based normative values as bSCr. Patients with no SCr data available were assumed not to have developed AKI; cP values are based on the univariate comparison test performed between AKI and non-AKI groups; dadjusted ORs were calculated based on multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate independent risk factors for AKI; en (%) data represent the column percentage (for example, proportion of AKI patients who were female and proportion of AKI patients who were treated at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine); fonly 2,085 patients had PRISM scores available; gstatistically significant (P < 0.05) ORs represent independent AKI risk factors.