Table 1.
Distribution of basic characteristics between gender in the main population and in the sepsis subgroup
| Main population | Sepsis population | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ♂ | ♀ | ♂ | ♀ | |
| n = 400 | n = 309 | n = 197 | n = 130 | |
| Age (years) | 66 (51|72)a | 68 (54|78)a | 64 (50|72)a | 68 (57|78)a |
| Drug abuse | 18 (4.5%)a | 3 (1.0%)a | 14 (7.1)a | 1 (0.8)a |
| Nicotine abuse | 56 (14.0%)a | 15 (4.9%)a | 25 (12.7) | 9 (6.9) |
| Alcohol abuse | 55 (13.8%)a | 10 (3.2%)a | 33 (16.8)a | 8 (6.2)a |
| Preexisting comorbidity | ||||
| Immunosuppressive status | 27 (6.8%) | 31 (10.0%) | 11 (5.6%)a | 18 (13.8%)a |
| Vascular disease | 202 (50.5%)a | 111 (35.9%)a | 100 (50.8%)a | 45 (34.6%)a |
| Hypertension | 178 (44.5%) | 147 (47.6%) | 82 (41.6%) | 60 (46.2%) |
| Chronic liver disease | 32 (8.0%) | 16 (5.2%) | 17 (8.6%) | 8 (6.2%) |
| Chronic renal disease | 67 (16.8%) | 46 (14.9%) | 37 (18.8%) | 24 (18.5%) |
| Metabolic disease | 172 (43.0%) | 141 (45.6%) | 102 (51.8%) | 71 (54.6%) |
| Chronic lung disease | 45 (11.3%) | 37 (12.0%) | 27 (13.7%) | 20 (15.4%) |
| Psychiatric disease | 81 (20.3%) | 47 (15.2%) | 53 (26.9%) | 31 (23.8%) |
| Admission category | ||||
| Infection | 14 (3.5%) | 10 (3.2%) | 10 (5.1%) | 7 (5.4%) |
| Malignant tumor | 65 (16.3%) | 80 (25.9%) | 27 (13.7%) | 21 (16.2%) |
| Neurology | 43 (10.8%) | 34 (11.0%) | 23 (11.7%) | 20 (15.4%) |
| Cardiovascular | 154 (38.5%) | 90 (29.1%) | 67 (34.0%) | 34 (26.2%) |
| Respiratory | 21 (5.3%) | 17 (5.5%) | 15 (7.6%) | 16 (12.3%) |
| Gastrointestinal | 30 (7.5%) | 19 (6.1%) | 20 (10.2%) | 9 (6.9%) |
| Trauma | 42 (10.5%) | 29 (9.4%) | 23 (11.7%) | 11 (8.5%) |
| Others | 31 (7.8%) | 30 (9.7%) | 12 (6.1%) | 12 (9.2%) |
| Surgical patients | 327 (81.8%) | 262 (84.8%) | 151 (76.6%) | 100 (76.9%) |
| OP category of surgical patients | ||||
| Neurosurgical | 38 (11.6%) | 40 (15.3%) | 19 (12.6%) | 19 (19.0%) |
| Musculoskeletal | 59 (18.0%) | 46 (17.6%) | 33 (21.9%) | 19 (19.0%) |
| Cardiac | 134 (41.0%) | 65 (24.8%) | 52 (34.4%) | 20 (20.0%) |
| Abdomen and urogenital | 83 (25.4%) | 97 (37.0%) | 41 (27.2%) | 30 (30.0%) |
| Thorax | 9 (2.8%) | 9 (3.4%) | 4 (2.6%) | 7 (7.0%) |
| Soft tissue and others | 4 (1.2%) | 5 (1.9%) | 2 (1.3%) | 5 (5.0%) |
| Severity of disease scorings | ||||
| SAPS-II on admission | 35 (26|47) | 34 (26|45) | 39 (28|51) | 40 (29|53) |
| SOFA on admission | 5 (2|8)a | 4 (2|7)a | 6 (4|9)a | 5 (3|7)a |
| TISS-28 on admission | 35 (26|42) | 33 (27|40) | 37 (29|44) | 35 (28|41) |
| Diagnostic patterns | ||||
| Microbiologic diagnostics (% of LOS) | 17.0 (± 20.4) | 14.9 (± 19.8) | 27.6 (± 19.3) | 24.3 (± 17.3) |
| Radiologic diagnostics of (% of LOS) | 55.2 (± 30.0)a | 51.1 (± 31.0)a | 52.1 (± 23.0)a | 45.4 (± 21.3)a |
| Antibiotic therapy | ||||
| SOP adherence (% of LOS) | 77.3 (± 32.6) | 79.0 (± 33.2) | 68.9 (± 34.4) | 69.3 (± 36.4) |
| DAU in agents per day | 1.0 (0.5|1.5) | 1.0 (0.5|1.5) | 1.26 (± 0.65) | 1.18 (± 0.74) |
| Antibiotic-free days (% of LOS) | 28.8 (± 27.9) | 27.3 (± 27.6) | 22.0 (± 22.4) | 25.4 (± 24.3) |
| Daily costs for antibiotics in € | 19.3 (± 25.5) | 15.6 (± 21.6) | 30.7 (± 28.6) | 26.7 (± 27.1) |
| Duration of treatment | ||||
| ICU stay in days | 4 (2|11) | 4 (2|9.5) | 10 (5|19) | 10 (5|20) |
| Invasive ventilation in hoursb | 27 (11|121)a | 20 (8|95)a | 96 (22|305) | 85 (16|300) |
aP < 0.05 in two-tailed significance tests. bVentilated patients in main population, n = ♂ 331, ♀ 226; in sepsis subgroup, n = ♂ 182, ♀ 115. Binary parameters given in total and percentage (%), continuous variables presented in median and 25% and 75% quartiles (25%|75%) or mean (± STD). DAU, daily antibiotic use; LOS, length of stay; OP, operation; SAPS, simplified acute physiology score-II; SOFA, sequential organ-failure assessment; SOP, standard operating procedure; TISS-28, therapeutic intervention scoring system-28.