Table 3.
Effects of different factors on outcome in a mixed ICU population for study population
| Univariate logistic analysis | Multivariate logistic analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P |
| Gender ♀ vs. ♂ | 1.209 (0.735-1.988) | 0.455 | 1.277 (0.720-2.264) | 0.403 |
| Age | 1.035 (1.015-1.055) | < 0.001 | 1.041 (1.018-1.064) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 1.341 (0.611-2.943) | 0.464 | ||
| Nicotine abuse | 0.526 (0.186-1.490) | 0.227 | ||
| Drug abuse | 0.976 (0.222-4.280) | 0.974 | ||
| Immune suppression | 0.668 (0.234-1.904) | 0.450 | ||
| TISS-28 first | 1.080 (1.053-1.108) | < 0.001 | 1.066 (1.035-1.097) | < 0.001 |
| Infection during ICU stay | 3.881 (1.745-8.633) | 0.001 | 1.269 (0.487-3.304) | 0.626 |
| Infection type | ||||
| Pneumonia | 4.370 (2.613-7.311) | < 0.001 | 1.377 (0.676-2.802) | 0.378 |
| Urinary tract infection | 1.694 (0.728-3.941) | 0.221 | ||
| Abdomen | 1.477 (0.698-3.127) | 0.308 | ||
| Bones and joints | 1.164 (0.262-5.173) | 0.842 | ||
| Endocarditis | 1.164 (0.262-5.173) | 0.842 | ||
| Meningitis | 1.031 (0.129-8.262) | 0.977 | ||
| Wounds/soft issue | 1.310 (0.713-2.404) | 0.384 | ||
| BSI | 2.338 (0.258-21.220) | 0.450 | ||
| Colitis, pseudomembranous | 2.338 (0.258-21.220) | 0.450 | ||
| Infection of unknown origin | 0.883 (0.341-2.292) | 0.799 | ||
| Severe sepsisa | 4.110 (2.448-6.900) | < 0.001 | ||
| Septic shock | 5.023 (2.963-8.515) | < 0.001 | 2.746 (1.328-5.680) | 0.006 |
| ICU diagnoses | ||||
| Infection | 2.553 (0.922-7.068) | 0.071 | ||
| Neoplastic | 0.556 (0.269-1.149) | 0.113 | ||
| Neurologic | 0.348 (0.107-1.134) | 0.08 | ||
| Cardiovascular | 1.170 (0.700-1.956) | 0.548 | ||
| Respiratory | 4.306 (2.032-9.125) | < 0.001 | 1.447 (0.542-3.860) | 0.461 |
| Gastrointestinal | 1.322 (0.542-3.229) | 0.540 | ||
| Trauma | 0.526 (0.186-1.490) | 0.227 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 0.815 (0.315-2.108) | 0.673 | ||
| Postoperative admission | 0.865 (0.457-1.637) | 0.655 | ||
| Type of surgery | ||||
| Head | 0.905 (0.399-2.053) | 0.811 | ||
| Musculoskeletal | 0.972 (0.481-1.967) | 0.938 | ||
| Cardiac | 1.136 (0.661-1.951) | 0.645 | ||
| Abdomen/urogenital | 0.658 (0.351-1.233) | 0.191 | ||
| Thorax | 1.164 (0.262-5.173) | 0.842 | ||
| Soft tissues and peripheral vascular | 4.803 (1.174-19.651) | 0.029 | 3.509 (0.613-20.073) | 0.158 |
| Fungi detected | 4.255 (2.492-7.266) | < 0.001 | 1.398 (0.701-2.788) | 0.341 |
| Gram-negative bacteria detected | 2.929 (1.748-4.906) | < 0.001 | 1.234 (0.605-2.513) | 0.563 |
| Difficult-to-treat pathogens detectedb | 2.421 (1.248-4.697) | 0.009 | 1.115 (0.499-2.493) | 0.791 |
| SOP adherence ≤65% | 1.705 (1.011-2.874) | 0.045 | 2.309 (1.182-4.511) | 0.014 |
Effects of different factors on outcome in a mixed ICU population for study population (N = 709) by using univariate logistic regression analyses. Parameters found to be relevant on a P < 0.05 level for ICU mortality entered multivariate logistic regression analysis. Quality of regression model tested with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, indicating good calibration (χ2 = 4.672; P = 0.792). BSI, bloodstream infection; SOP, standard operating procedure; TISS-28, therapeutic intervention scoring system-28.
aSeptic shock entered multivariate analysis due to correlation; bDifficult-to-treat pathogens include bacteria associated with potential intrinsic or acquired resistance (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, germs producing extended spectrum betalactamases, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, nonfermenters like Pseudomonas spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumanii, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus cereus).