Fig. 3.

DNA sequence alignments for P. falciparum DHFR. DNA flanking nucleotide 323 (amino acid codon 108) obtained from amplicons M3-F/ (M) and F-M4 (F) from human (H) and Anopheles mosquito (A) samples are plotted against standard clone 3D7 (GenBank accession no. AL844503; gene ID 812524). Nucleotide 323 encoding amino acid 108 is accentuated. AGC encodes WT S108; AAC encodes Pyr-resistant mutant S108N (blue); ACC encodes Cyc-resistant mutant S108T (yellow). Identical DNA sequences were obtained from both duplicate amplicons except one mosquito set (F19 A, M19 A) and one human set (F2 H, M2 H), which contained mixed infections. All results confirmed the PCR and restriction enzyme typing.