Table 2.

Odds for key P. falciparum DHFR resistant polymorphisms in human blood smear-positive samples compared with blood smear-negative samples and mosquito midguts and salivary glands

	Odds ratio (95% CI), human microscopy positives compared with
Allele	Mosquito midgut	Mosquito salivary gland	Human submicroscopic infections
S108N	101 (34.3–299.0); P < 0.001	15 (5.7–39.5); P < 0.001	1 (0.4–3.5); P = 0.753
N51I	32 (11.4–87.6); P < 0.001	29 (10.9–76.5); P < 0.001	1 (0.5–4.3); P = 0.684
C59R	88 (11.6–662.5); P < 0.001	6 (2.5–12.2); P < 0.001	1 (0.4–1.8); P = 0.724
S108N+N51I+C59R triple mutant	18 (1.9–172.2); P < 0.001	5 (1.2–22.7); P < 0.001	2 (0.6–5.8); P = 0.292
S108T	—; P < 0.001	—; P < 0.001	—; P = 0.006
A16V	—; P < 0.001	—; P = 0.208	—; P = 0.054
S108T+A16V double mutant	—; P = 0.948	—; P < 0.001	—; P = 0.054
I164L	—; P = 0.081	—	—

Mosquito midgut, n = 165; mosquito salivary gland, n = 146; human submicroscopic infections, n = 147. —, Odds ratio could not be calculated due to zero frequency in human infections.