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. 2011 Mar 21;15(2):R99. doi: 10.1186/cc10112

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Copyright ©2011 Guignant et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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PD-1-related molecule expressions on monocytes and clinical outcomes. (a) Monocyte PD-L1 expression was measured on 26 survivors and 6 non-survivors at day 1 to 2 (D1-2) after the onset of septic shock. Monocyte PD-1 (b) and PD-L2 (c) expressions were measured at day 3 to 5 (D3-5) after the onset of shock on 15 patients who developed a secondary nosocomial infection during their intensive care unit stay (NI) and 38 patients who remained free of secondary infection (no NI). Flow cytometry data are expressed as (left) mean fluorescence intensities and (right) percentages of positive cells out of total circulating monocytes. Results are presented as box-plots as well as individual values. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed. PD-1, programmed death-1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; PD-L2, programmed death-ligand 2.