Fig. 3.

Evidence for microsecond-timescale puckering in aqueous GlcNAc. The ⁴C₁ ↔ ¹C₄ transitions, computed exchange rates and short-lived (∼3 ns) ¹C₄-chair puckers are shown on a time-series plot of the Cremer–Pople parameter θ. Data are from the 10 μs ⁴C₁-initiated explicit solvent GlcNAc simulation.