Table 1.

Plants Selected for Estrogenic Screening.

Botanical name	Plant part	Common name	Source	Rational
Alisma plantago-aquatica L.	rhizomes	Water Plantain	1 PureWorld	menopausal symptoms [33]
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels	roots	Dang-Gui	2 Yin Wall City, Inc	menopausal symptoms; (4, 81) serotonergic [34]
Asclepias tuberosa L.	roots	Butterfly Weed	2 Blessedherbs	contains steroidal compounds [35]
Beta vulgaris L.	roots	Beets	2 local grocery	menopausal symptoms [36]
Cimicifuga americana Michaux	roots	Yellow Cohosh	3 Swain County, NC	chemotaxonomic relationship [37]
Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.	aerial	Black Cohosh	3 Sevier County, TN	related plant part
Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.	roots	Black Cohosh	3 Sevier County, TN	menopausal symptoms [38–49] serotonergic [22, 50]
Cimicifuga rubifolia (Kearney) Kartesz	aerial	Appalachian Bugbane	3 Hancock County; TN	chemotaxonomic relationship [37]
Cornus officinalis Sieb. & Zucc.	fruits	Dogwood	1 PureWorld	menopausal symptoms [33]
Daucus carota L.	roots	Queen Anne’s lace; Carrot	2 Local grocery store	anti-steroidogenic activity [51]; estrogenic activity [52]; antifertility activity [53]
Paeonia moutan Sims	bark	Peony	1 PureWorld	menopausal symptoms [54]
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi.	aerial	Kudzu	3 Evanston, IL	estrogenic activity (98, 99); menopausal symptoms [55]; serotonergic activity [56]
Pueraria mirifica Airy, Shaw & Suvatabandhu	bark	Kwao Keur	1 PureWorld	estrogenic activity [57–60]
Valeriana officinalis L.	roots	Valerian	1 PureWorld	serotonergic activity [61]
Viburnum opulus L.	bark	Cramp Bark	1 PureWorld	smooth muscle antispasmodic [62]
Viburnum prunifolium L.	bark	Black Haw	1 PureWorld	menopausal symptoms [63]
Vitex agnus-castus L.	fruits	Chasteberry	1 PureWorld	menstrual disorders [64–69]; menopausal symptoms [70]

¹Provided

²Purchased

³Collected