Figure 3.

Funnel Plot of Standard Error by Log Odds Ratio^a

^aThe trim and fill method asks how the effect would shift if there were no publication bias by allowing us to impute missing studies. Using the random-effects model, no studies are missing. However, under a fixed-effects model, the trim and fill method displays 4 missing studies to the right of the mean. This funnel plot, a representation of the fixed-effects model, includes both observed studies and the 4 imputed studies by the black dots as well as the shift in the effect size.