Table 1.
Patient outcome for 6 aetiological categories of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome.
| Suspected viral aetiology | Non-viral aetiology | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | AES of suspected viral aetiology | Confirmed JE | AES of unknown viral aetiology | Non-JE | JE Status Unknown | Bacterial (n = 37)* P.f. (n = 1) | ||||||||||||
| Lp status | +Lp | -Lp | Both | +Lp | -Lp | Both | +Lp | -Lp | Both | +Lp | -Lp | Both | +Lp | -Lp | Both | +Lp | -Lp | Both |
| Patient No. | 145 | 35 | 180 | 42 | 8 | 50 | 103 | 27 | 130 | 44 | 12 | 56 | 59 | 15 | 74 | 38 | 3 | 41 |
| Good | 100 (69) |
19 (54) |
119 (63) |
22 (52) |
3 (37.5) |
25 (50) |
78 (76) |
16 (60) |
94 (72) |
22 (73) |
8 (66) |
40 (71) |
46 (78) |
8 (53) |
54 (73) |
33 (87) |
2( 66) |
35 (85) |
| Bad | 45 (31)§ |
16 (46) |
61 (37)§ |
20 (48)ঠ|
5 (62.5) |
25 (50)‡¶∆ |
25 (24)¶ |
11 (40) |
36 (28)¶ |
12 (27) |
4 (33) |
16 (29)¶∆ |
13 (22) |
7 (47) |
20 (27) |
5 (13)§‡ |
1 (33) |
6 (15)§‡ |
| Neurol. Sequelae |
37 (25) |
7 (20) |
44 (24) |
16 (38) |
3 (37.5) |
19 (38) |
21 (20) |
4 (15) |
25 (19) |
12 (27) |
1 (8) |
13 (23) |
9 (15) |
3 (20) |
12 (16) |
3 (8) |
0 (0) |
3 (7) |
| Died | 8 (5) |
9 (26) |
17 (9) |
4 (9.5) |
2 (25) |
6 (12) |
4 (4) |
7 (26) |
11 (8) |
0 (0) |
3 (25) |
3 (6) |
4 (7) |
4 (27) |
8 (11) |
2 (5) |
1 (33) |
3 (7) |
Outcome at hospital discharge is presented for 2 main aetiological categories of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES); suspected viral and non-viral. Based on JE serology, AES of suspected viral aetiology was split into Confirmed JE and Unknown viral aetiology. The latter group was sub-categorised into Non-JE and JE status unknown. AES of non-viral aetiology included Bacterial and Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.) infection. Within each category, patients were split into 3 groups based on availability of LP results; +Lp, those with LP results; -Lp, those without; Both, combining both +Lp and -Lp patients. Patients without LP results were assigned to an AES group based on their discharge diagnosis and JE serological results. Patients with a bad outcome were sub-classified into those with neurological sequelae at discharge or those that died. Number with (%) is presented. Significance was tested via Fisher's Exact test.
* 38/40 patients with AES of Non-viral aetiology had an outcome recorded at discharge.
§ Significant difference between suspected viral and non-viral patients (P = 0.039 and P = 0.022 respectively for +Lp and Both groups).
‡Significant difference between JE and non-viral patients (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively for +Lp and Both groups).
¶Significant difference between JE and Unknown viral patients (P = 0.01 and P = 0.008 respectively for +Lp and Both).
∆Significant difference between JE and Non-JE patients in the Both group (P = 0.029).
A similar trend was observed for outcome between JE and Non-JE patients in the +Lp group (P = 0.074).
A higher frequency of death was consistently observed among -Lp patients compared to +Lp patients in each AES category.