Table 3.
Clinical features at admission for 5 categories of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome
| Clinical features | Confirmed JE | AES unknown viral aetiology (n = 103) | AES bacterial aetiology (n = 39) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-JE | JE Status Unknown | Bact. Inf. | Bact. and JEV+ | ||
| No. patients (% AES patients (n = 184†)) | 42(23) | 44(24) | 59(32) | 31(17) | 8(4) |
| Age (years) | 7(1-14)[42] | 8(1-14)[44] | 4.5(1-13)[56] | 4.5(1-12)[31] | 3.5(1-10)[8] |
| Number of males | 16(38)[42] | 16(36)[44] | 16(27)[59] | 11(35)[31] | 8 [100][8] |
| Fever prior to admission (days) |
5.5(1-13)[42] | 6(2-14)[44] | 5(1-12)[59] | 5(1-13)[30] | 5 (1-16)[7] |
| Altered sensorium | 30(71)[42] | 29(69)[42] | 35(60)[58] | 13(43)[31] | 5 [63][8] |
| Duration of altered sensorium (days) | 2(1-5)[23] | 2(1-7)[24] | 1(0-5)[27] | 3(1-4)[9] | 1(1-1.1)[3] |
| Modified Glasgow coma score | 12(5-15)[42] | 14(4-15)[44] | 14(3-15)[59] | 15(4-15)[30] | 12(7-15)[8] |
| Focal neurological deficit | 13(32)[40] | 7(16)[44] | 4(7)[59] | 2(12.5)[16] | 1(33)[3] |
| Any seizure prior to admission | 25(76)[33] | 25(78)[32] | 42(89)[47] | 21(75)[28] | 4(50)[8] |
| Generalised seizure prior to admission | 22(96)[23] | 22(92)[24] | 35(92)[38] | 21(95)[22] | 3(38)[8] |
| Focal seizure prior to admission | 1(4)[23] | 0(0)[24] | 1(3)[38] | 0(0)[22] | 0(0)[8] |
| Episodes of seizure prior to admission | 2(2-12)[23] | 1(1-7)[17] | 2(1-9)[27] | 1.5(1-7)[18] | 1.2 (1-1.5)[2] |
| Est. duration of longest seizure (mins.) | 6(3-60)[16] | 6(3-60)[16] | 5(4-60)[12] | 5(1-5)[3] | 10(10-10.2)[2] |
| Neck stiffness | 23(62)[37] | 27(66)[41] | 28(52)[54] | 18(58)[31] | 5(63)[8] |
| Vomiting | 23(79)[29] | 24(83)[29] | 29(88)[33] | 18(78)[23] | 3(38)[8] |
| Days of vomiting prior to admission | 3(1-10)[18] | 4(1-11)[21] | 2(1-12)[25] | 3.5(1-10)[12] | 1.2(1-2)[5] |
| Weight (Kg) | 15.25(1-30)[42] | 20(9-70)[38]* | 14(1-60)[55] | 15(1-60)[29] | 11(1-25)[8] |
| Axillary temperature (°C) | 37.8(36.7-40)[40] | 37.2(36.1-40)[38] | 37.8(36.1-40)[52] | 37.8(36.7-41.1)[29] | 38.9(37.8-39.4)[7] |
| Pulse rate (beats per min.) |
101(52-150)[42] | 100(69-160)[41] | 110[78-170)[57] | 100(70-160)[28] | 120(72-130)[7] |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 96(50-120)[17] | 93(78-130)[20] | 100(9-110)[14] | 100(80-140)[11] | 100(90-110)[3] |
| Dystolic BP (mmHg) | 60(20-90)[17] | 60(10-100)[20] | 60(0-100)[15] | 70(50-110)[11] | 70(60-80)[3] |
| Respiratory rate (breaths per min.) |
30(20-80)[42] | 28(16-60)[40]** | 30(3-90)[55] | 34(20-50)[30] | 34(24-40)[7] |
Median (range) or Number (%) [number of patients]. Significance of difference between groups by Fisher's Exact test or Mann-Whiney U test. †Single patient with Plasmodium infection not presented. Significant difference between JE and Non-JE patients; P = 0.031*; P = 0.003**