Table 4.
Laboratory parameters at admission for 5 categories of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome
| Laboratory parameters | Confirmed JE | AES unknown viral aetiology (n = 103) | AES bacterial aetiology (n = 39) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-JE | JE Status Unknown | Bact. | Bact. and JEV+ | ||
| No. patients | 42 | 44 | 59 | 31 | 8 |
| Blood | |||||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 112(80-190)[37] | 116(80-140)[37] | 112(60-200)[55] | 116(30-460)[24] | 112(81-120)[7] |
| Total leucocyte count (x109/L) | 10.9(2.46-33)[41] | 9.6(1.8-25.8)[40] | 12.5(4.0-9.8)[56] | 9.5(1.48-110)[27] | 12 (1.96- 190)[7] |
| Polymorphs (proportion) | 0.73(0.08-0.92)[41] | 0.72(0.3-0.96)[39] | 0.75(0.16-0.93)[56] | 0.77(0.50-0.92)[27] | 0.82(0.63-0.95)[7] |
| Lymphocytes (proportion) | 0.21(0.08-0.82)[41] | 26(0.04-0.7)[39] | 0.24(0.06-0.84)[54] | 0.21(0.08-0.4)[27] | 0.18(0.05-0.34)[7] |
| Blood sugar (mmol/L) | 5.1(2.2-12.1)[13] | 5.1(2.2-10.3)[20] | 4.4(3.3-7.5)[26] | 6.5(3.7-13.3)[4] | 7.8(6.4-8.2)[5] |
| Urea (mmol/L)† | 15(6.8-17.1)[5] | 8.9(1.4-18.9)[10] | 10.3(0.7-20.3)[10] | nr | 9.6(5.3-21.4)[3] |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 44.2(8.8-88)[3] | 53.4(8.8-71.6)[11] | 53.0(8.8-79.6)[13] | nr | 64.5(35- 80)[3] |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137(127-160)[12] | 133(126-146)[17] | 133(109-149)[20] | 139(129-148)[9] | 137 (134- 139)[2] |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.3(3-5)[12] | 3.9(3-5)[17] | 3.95(2-5)[20] | 3.8(3.5-4.9)[9] | 3.8 (3.6- 3.9)[2] |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | |||||
| Total leucocyte count (x109/L) | 0.043(0-0.6)[42] | 0.041(0-0.83)[44] | 0.035(0-0.54)[59] | 0.14(0-1.4)[31]* | 0.07 (0-0.4)[8] |
| Polymorphs (proportion) | 0.1(0-1)[41] | 0.3(0-1)[42] | 0.26(0-1)[57] | 0.7(0-1)[30]* | 0.8(0-0.9)[8] |
| Lymphocytes (proportion) | 0.5(0-1)[41] | 0.38(0-1)[42] | 0.6(0-1)[57] | 0.3(0-1)[30] | 0.15(0-1)[8] |
| Protein (g/L) | 0.4(0-1.2)[39] | 0.4(0-1.5)[40] | 0.4(0.1-1.5)[53] | 0.65(0.2-1.5)[30]* | 0.1(0.04-5.8)[8] |
| Sugar (mmol/L) | 3.3(1.4-5.7)[41] | 3.3(0.9-5.6)[43] | 3.3(1.7-6.1)[53] | 2.1(1.1-3.8)[30]* | 2.1(0.7- 3.3)[8] |
Median (range) or Number (%) [number of patients]. Significance of difference between groups by Fisher's Exact test or Mann-Whiney U test. *Significant (P < 0.01) difference between patients within AES of suspected viral aetiology and AES of bacterial aetiology; nr, not recorded; †normal range for urea (newborn to 16 years): 1.1-6.4 mmol/L [13].