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Causes of anemia other than iron deficiency in developing countries
| Absolute or relative deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B12 |
| Vitamin A deficiency, also of multifactorial origin |
| Endemic presence of infectious disease |
| HIV |
| Intestinal parasites |
| Malaria |
| Schistosomiasis |
| Trichiurus trichiura infection |
| Tuberculosis |
| Presence of adaptative hemoglobinopathies |
| Sickle-cell anemia |
| Beta thalassemia |
Abbreviation: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
