Table 1.

Potential Candidates for Specific Biomarkers for ALS

Study	Tissues	Purpose	Patients	Biomarkers
Saris et al. [66]	Blood cells	Diagnostic	123 ALS	Module 1 : 500 upregulated genes
			123 controls	Module 2: 500 downregulated genes
				Interferon alpha-inducible protein 6
				G protein-coupled receptor 43
				Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2
Zhang et al. [67]	Blood cells	Diagnostic	20 ALS	Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
			22 controls	Peptidase inhibitor 3
				Chitinase 3-like 1
				Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist
				TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand
				Sestrin 3
				Collagen, type XIX, alpha-1
			3 ALS	CXorf64
Shtilbans et al. [27]	Prognator, gracilis, and gastrocnemius muscles	Diagnostic	3 MMN	Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
			3 controls	Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
				Ceramide kinase-like
				Follistatin
				Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 1
				Myosin binding protein H
				Myogenin
				Ras-related associated with diabetes
			9 ALS	Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, gamma
Pradat et al. [69]	Deltoid muscle	Prognostic	10 controls	Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha
				Ankyrin repeat domain 1
				Zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 2
				Ankyrin repeat domain 10