FIG. 1.
B2AR modulation in the VMH and its effect on GIR and counterregulatory hormones during the hypoglycemic clamp study. GIR (A) and hormonal responses for plasma epinephrine (B), glucagon (C), and norepinephrine (D) for rats receiving microinjection of the artificial extracellular fluid vehicle (control; n = 12), the B2AR antagonist ICI-118,551 (n = 12), or the B2AR agonist formoterol (n = 10) during the hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic glucose clamp. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. Post hoc linear contrasts to localized effects; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 vs. controls.