Table 5.

Changes in joint torques during gait after metabolic surgery-induced weight loss

	Self-Selected Speed				Standard Speed
Variable	T0	T1	T2	F, P	T0	T1	T2	F, P
Sagittal plane
Hip, Nm·s	9.8 ± 5.3	8.7 ± 7.5	8.3 ± 3.1	0.5, 0.644	11.3 ± 4.9	9.1 ± 7.3	8.4 ± 3.2	3.1, 0.068
Hip, Norm.	0.49 ± 0.26	0.57 ± 0.43	0.61 ± 0.21	0.9, 0.429	0.56 ± 0.24	0.60 ± 0.42	0.62 ± 0.21	0.3, 0.723
Knee1, Nm·s	7.0 ± 5.5	6.5 ± 4.3	6.9 ± 3.8	0.1, 0.931	8.8 ± 7.0	6.7 ± 4.0	7.6 ± 3.7	0.9, 0.421
Knee1, Norm.	0.31 ± 0.19	0.43 ± 0.25	0.49 ± 0.19	3.3, 0.062	0.39 ± 0.23	0.44 ± 0.24	0.53 ± 0.18	1.7, 0.212
Knee2, Nm	41.2 ± 25.9	42.0 ± 25.1	46.2 ± 23.2	0.4, 0.661	62.0 ± 36.4	45.9 ± 19.5	51.1 ± 18.7	1.7, 0.212
Knee2, Norm.	1.8 ± 0.83	2.8 ± 1.37*	3.3 ± 1.08†	7.7, 0.004	2.6 ± 1.09	3.1 ± 1.28	3.7 ± 1.03	2.9, 0.083
Ankle, Nm·s	42.2 ± 14.4	30.8 ± 10.2*	28.2 ± 9.5*	19.8, 0.001	39.0 ± 13.2	29.8 ± 10.8*	28.3 ± 10.6*	18.2, 0.001
Ankle, Norm.	2.0 ± 0.31	2.0 ± 0.25	2.0 ± 0.22	0.1, 0.992	1.8 ± 0.20	1.9 ± 0.23	2.0 ± 0.25	1.9, 0.186
Frontal plane
Knee3, Nm·s	−47.8 ± 19.9	−36.1 ± 16.8*	−37.3 ± 18.7*	6.4, 0.007	−50.7 ± 18.6	−40.3 ± 18.8*	−37.0 ± 19.3*	9.5, 0.002
Knee3, Norm.	−2.3 ± 0.72	−2.2 ± 0.62	−2.5 ± 0.71	1.4, 0.267	−2.4 ± 0.66	−2.5 ± 0.74	−2.5 ± 0.84	0.2, 0.832

Values are means ± SD. Norm., torque normalized to (%body mass * height). Knee1, extensor angular impulse in early stance; Knee2, peak extensor torque in early stance; Knee3, internal knee abductor torque in the frontal plane in early stance. Italics denote P < 0.05.

^*P < 0.05, different relative to baseline.

^†P < 0.05, different relative to baseline and follow-up 1.