Proposed model for regulation of the V. vulnificus nan cluster by NanR, CRP, and ManNAc-6P. When the bacteria grow on Neu5Ac as a sole carbon source, a strong expression of PnanTp is necessary, which is possibly obtained by the class I activation by CRP in addition to ManNAc-6P-mediated displacement of NanR bound to its operator (NANRBI and MANRBII) overlapping the −35 and −10 region of PnanTp. PnanE is also induced by the lack of NanR on the operator; the induction would be rather moderate as a result of the CRP binding to its operator (CRPB) and thus acting as a roadblock for RNAP. The moderate expression of PnanE maintains ManNAc-6P sufficient for growth on Neu5Ac, which is probably encountered in the intestine. −, negative regulation; +, positive regulation; CM, cytoplasmic membrane.