Effect of protonophores, ionophores, and ATP synthase inhibitors on the growth of M. ruminantium M1 in batch culture. A, CCCP was added at 71 h to give final concentrations of 100 μm (open squares), 200 μm (open triangles), and 500 μm (open circles). B, DNP was added at 97 h to give final concentrations of 2 μm (open triangles) and 20 μm (open squares). C, TCS was added at 91 h to give final concentrations of 2 μm (open squares), 5 μm (open triangles), and 10 μm (solid diamonds). D, monensin was added at 71 h to give final concentrations of 1 μm (closed circles), 5 μm (open squares), and 10 μm (open triangles). E, amiloride was added at 92 h to give final concentrations of 20 μm (closed circles), 200 μm (open triangles) and 2 mm (open circles). F, EIPA was added at 48 h to give final concentrations of 20 μm (closed circles), 50 μm (open triangles), and 100 μm (open squares). G, DCCD was added at 71 h to give final concentrations of 100 μm (open squares) and 200 μm (open triangles), and 100 μl of ethanol (closed circles). H, TBT-Cl was added at 49 h to give final concentrations of 2 μm (closed circles), 20 μm (open triangles), and 50 μm (open circles). For all ethanol/DMSO-soluble inhibitors, 100 μl was also added to another series of cultures as a control. The symbols are means of three replicates, and the thin vertical bars represent one standard error on either side of the mean.