Table 1.

Infant Age, Fathers’ Demographic Characteristics, Mother-Father Relationship, and Father Engagement in Two-Parent Families by Race and Ethnicity

Variables	Total n = 5089 M(SD)/%	African American n= 401 M(SD)/%	Latino n= 1586 M(SD)/%	White n = 3102 M(SD)/%	ANOVA Statistics F-value
Infant Age (M)	10.5(1.82)	10.6(1.86)	10.5(1.76)	10.4(1.77)
Parents’ Characteristics(Education and Mental Health)
Father depressive symptoms	1.31(0.4)	1.4(0.51)*1	1.27(0.38)	1.31(0.38)*2	16.7*
Father education
Up to high school	39.8%	45.90%	69.80%	30.40%	276*
Some college	28.9%	34.3%	19.1%	31%	30*
College plus	31.3%	19.8%	11.1%	38.6%	159*
Mother depressive symptoms	1.38(0.41)	1.44(0.48)*3	1.38(0.45)	1.37(0.39)	6.38*
Father working	31.3(15.8)	32.10(15)	30.7(17.1)	29.1(17.3)	14.2*
Contextual Sources
Married	81.60%	63.90%	68.10%	88%	168*
Conflict - father report (1-3)	1.78(.47)	1.91(0.60)*4	1.79(0.56)	1.87(.48)	13.49*
Conflict -mother report	1.77(.47)	1.83(0.55)*5	1.55(0.50)	1.77(0.44)	5.93*
Father Engagement
Verbal stimulating (4-pt.)	2.32(0.73)	2.35(0.73)	2.32(0.72)	2.32(0.73)	0.3
Caregiving (6-pt.)	4.81(0.73)	4.94(0.76)*6	4.79(0.78)	4.79(0.71)	16.3*
Physical Play (5-pt.)	3.03(0.81)	3.39(0.78)*7	3.3(0.83)*8	2.91(0.77)	146*

Note:

^*p<.01

^*1African American fathers are more depressed than White and Latino fathers;

^*2White more depressed than Latino fathers;

^*3African American mothers more depressed than White and Latino mothers;

^*4African American fathers report more conflict than White and Latino fathers;

^*5African American mothers report more conflict than White mothers;

^*6African American fathers engage in more caregiving than Latino and White fathers;

^*7African American engage in more physical play than White fathers

^*8Latino fathers engage in more physical play than White fathers