Table 2. Association between participant characteristics and decline in self-reported antihypertensive medication adherence.
| Participant Characteristics | Odds Ratio (95% CI) * for MMAS-8 decline |
|---|---|
| Socio-Demographics and Patient Characteristics | |
| Age ≥ 75 years | 1.28 (0.87, 1.89) |
| Female | 0.67 (0.48, 0.95)† |
| Black race | 1.00 (0.69, 1.45) |
| Married | 0.67 (0.48, 0.95)† |
| High school education or greater | 1.15 (0.75, 1.76) |
| Low hypertension knowledge | 1.20 (0.85, 1.69) |
| Clinical / Treatment Variables | |
| Hypertension duration ≥ 10 Years | 1.08 (0.78, 1.51) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≥ 2§ | 1.07 (0.77, 1.48) |
| Body mass index: ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 0.95 (0.65, 1.39) |
| 3+ classes of antihypertensive medication§ | 0.85 (0.61, 1.19) |
| Calcium channel blocker use§ | 0.69 (0.49, 0.98)† |
| Beta blocker use§ | 1.02 (0.73, 1.42) |
| Angiotension receptor blocker use§ | 1.07 (0.73, 1.58) |
| Diuretic use§ | 0.89 (0.64, 1.25) |
| Ace inhibitor use§ | 1.05 (0.76, 1.46) |
| Health Care System Variables | |
| Not satisfied with overall health care | 1.20 (0.58, 2.49) |
| Not satisfied with communication | 1.48 (0.91, 2.41) |
| Not satisfied with access to healthcare | 1.10 (0.51, 2.40) |
| Reduced antihypertensive medications due to cost | 1.47 (0.63, 3.45) |
| 6+ visits to primary care physician§ | 0.85 (0.58, 1.25) |
| Filled antihypertensive medications in drug tier 3 § | 0.90 (0.59, 1.38) |
| Psychosocial / Behavioral Variables | |
| Never a smoker | 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) |
| < 2 alcoholic beverages per week | 0.95 (0.64, 1.42) |
| Reduced sexual functioning | 1.19 (0.85, 1.67) |
| Depressive symptoms | 1.90 (1.27, 2.85)‡ |
| Low health-related quality of life (mental) | 1.27 (0.91, 1.79) |
| Low health-related quality of life (physical) | 1.53 (1.10, 2.14)† |
| Low Social Support | 1.35 (0.98, 1.88) |
| Low Coping | 0.93 (0.68, 1.28) |
| High Stress | 1.70 (1.21, 2.38)‡ |
| High Stressful Life Event Score | 1.98 (1.41, 2.77)‡ |
| Self-Management Behaviors | |
| Complementary and alternative medicine use | 1.02 (0.70, 1.48) |
| Blood pressure checks at home | 0.94 (0.68, 1.30) |
| Trying to control or lose weight | 1.03 (0.74, 1.43) |
| Cutting down on sodium intake | 0.86 (0.59, 1.26) |
| Increasing number of fruits and vegetables | 0.98 (0.69, 1.39) |
MMAS-8 decline -Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 item score decline of 2 or more points
OR-odds ratio; CI-confidence interval
Adjusted for age, gender, race, marital status, education, and comorbidity
p<0.05
p<0.01
in the prior year
Reference groups: age <75 years, male, non-black race, unmarried, < high school education, medium or high hypertension knowledge, hypertension duration <10 years, Charlson comorbidity score <2, Body Mass Index <30, < 3 classes of antihypertensive medication, no calcium channel blocker use, no beta-blocker use, no angiotensin receptor blocker use, no diuretic use, no ace-inhibitor use, satisfied with overall health care, satisfied with communication, satisfied with access to health care, no reduction of medications due to cost, <6 visits to the primary care physician, did not purchase antihypertensive medication in tier 3, ever smoker, ≥2 alcoholic beverages per week, normal sexual functioning, no depressive symptoms, medium or high health-related quality of life (mental), medium or high health-related quality of life (physical), medium or high social support, medium or high coping, medium or low stress, stressful life events score <150, no complementary and alternative medicine use, no report of each lifestyle modification (ie blood pressure checks at home, trying to control or lose weight, cutting down on sodium intake, increasing number of fruits and vegetables)