Table 5. Distribution, by education and gender, of the implicit and explicit measures of racial discrimination: 504 black US-born and 501 white US-born participants, My Body My Story (Boston, MA, 2008–2010) (observed data).
| Education level: <4 yrs college vs > = 4 years college | |||||||||
| Black | White | ||||||||
| Women | Men | Women | Men | ||||||
| <4 yrs college(n = 292) | > = 4 yrs college(n = 57) | <4 yrs college(n = 134) | > = 4 yrs college(n = 21) | <4 yrs college(n = 203) | > = 4 yrs college(n = 109) | <4 yrs college(n = 127) | > = 4 yrs college(n = 58) | ||
| Racial discrimination | |||||||||
| Explicit | |||||||||
| Racial discrimination (Experiences of Discrimination [EOD]): | |||||||||
| continuous (range: 0–9) (mean (SD)) | 3.1 (2.5) | 4.1 (2.7) | 5.0 (2.7) | 6.4 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.7) | 0.8 (1.5) | 1.6 (2.1) | 1.1 (1.3) | |
| categorical (%): | 0 situations | 17.9 | 12.3 | 9.0 | 0.0 | 48.3 | 60.2 | 47.2 | 46.6 |
| 1–2 situations | 27.2 | 19.3 | 13.4 | 4.8 | 33.0 | 31.5 | 29.1 | 37.9 | |
| 3+ situations | 54.8 | 68.4 | 77.6 | 95.2 | 18.7 | 8.3 | 23.6 | 15.5 | |
| Everyday discrimination (EDS): | |||||||||
| EDS (any): continuous (range: 0–5) (mean (SD)) | 2.4 (1.5) | 2.3 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.7) | 3.3 (1.5) | 2.1 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.5) | 2.6 (1.7) | 2.0 (1.4) | |
| EDS (any): categorical (%): | report unfair treatment (>1x/yr) | 87.0 | 80.4 | 85.7 | 95.2 | 87.0 | 80.7 | 85.8 | 84.5 |
| EDS (race) ‡: continuous for unfair treatment due to race (range: 0–5) (mean (SD)) | 1.6 (1.7) | 2.1 (1.7) | 2.1 (2.0) | 2.9 (1.9) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.3 (1.1) | 0.6 (1.5) | 0.9 (1.4) | |
| EDS (race) ‡: categorical (%): | report unfair treatment (>1 x/yr) due to race | 54.4 | 69.6 | 62.7 | 81.0 | 19.0 | 10.1 | 16.5 | 36.2 |
| Worried about racial discrimination (%): | as a child, against self | 61.9 | 71.9 | 85.1 | 85.7 | 19.7 | 9.4 | 29.9 | 20.7 |
| as a child, against own racial/ethnic group | 62.2 | 75.4 | 81.3 | 85.7 | 34.0 | 17.8 | 34.7 | 29.3 | |
| in last year, against self | 58.1 | 66.7 | 73.1 | 81.0 | 24.6 | 9.4 | 26.8 | 15.5 | |
| in last year, against own racial/ethnic group | 65.0 | 80.7 | 81.3 | 81.0 | 34.0 | 22.4 | 32.3 | 36.2 | |
| Implicit | |||||||||
| IAT effect (mean, SD, p-value): | Total Black vs White (de-trended and centered on w/b/t/m) | 0.22 (0.32)*** | 0.30 (0.36)*** | 0.32 (0.31)*** | 0.40 (0.31)*** | −0.01 (0.36) | 0.33 (0.37)*** | 0.10 (0.40)** | 0.35 (0.32)*** |
| Total Me vs Them (de-trended and centered on w/b/t/m) | 0.23 (0.36)*** | 0.18 (0.34)*** | 0.31 (0.35)*** | 0.34 (0.39)*** | 0.20 (0.34)*** | 0.26 (0.26)*** | 0.10 (0.34)** | 0.18 (0.37)*** | |
Note: values in bold indicate that, within the specified racial/ethnic-gender group, the distribution is significantly different (p<0.05) across socioeconomic strata, as based on 2-sided t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables; data presented: observed data (not including missing values).
‡
“race” includes, as specified reasons, “race” and “ancestry or national origin”; all non-racial exposures scored as 0.
For statistical significance of IAT effect (within racial/ethnic-gender-socioeconomic group): * = 0.01<p<0.05; ** = 0.001<p<0.01; *** = p<0.001.