Table 3.

Hazard ratios for end points comparing regions (EMEs: base)

	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P*
Combined macro- plus microvascular disease
Asia	1.33 (1.17–1.50)	<0.001
Eastern Europe	1.01 (0.88–1.16)	0.87
Macrovascular disease
Asia	1.31 (1.11–1.56)	0.002
Eastern Europe	1.19 (1.00–1.42)	0.05
Microvascular disease
Asia	1.36 (1.15–1.60)	<0.001
Eastern Europe	0.77 (0.62–0.94)	0.01
All deaths
Asia	1.08 (0.90–1.30)	0.38
Eastern Europe	1.43 (1.20–1.71)	<0.001
Cardiovascular death
Asia	1.19 (0.92–1.54)	0.18
Eastern Europe	1.64 (1.29–2.09)	<0.001
Total coronary events
Asia	0.72 (0.60–0.85)	<0.001
Eastern Europe	0.79 (0.67–0.95)	0.01
Major coronary events
Asia	0.84 (0.66–1.05)	0.13
Eastern Europe	1.11 (0.88–1.38)	0.38
Total cerebrovascular events
Asia	2.02 (1.62–2.51)	<0.001
Eastern Europe	1.23 (0.96–1.57)	0.10
Major cerebrovascular events
Asia	2.40 (1.84–3.14)	<0.001
Eastern Europe	1.52 (1.14–2.03)	0.005
Total renal events
Asia	1.73 (1.57–1.91)	<0.001
Eastern Europe	1.29 (1.16–1.43)	<0.001
New or worsening nephropathy
Asia	1.42 (1.11–1.82)	0.005
Eastern Europe	0.80 (0.60–1.08)	0.15
New microalbuminuria
Asia	1.97 (1.77–2.19)	<0.001
Eastern Europe	1.36 (1.21–1.53)	<0.001
Total eye events
Asia	1.21 (1.13–1.30)	<0.001
Eastern Europe	0.72 (0.66–0.79)	<0.001
New or worsening retinopathy
Asia	1.35 (1.09–1.67)	0.006
Eastern Europe	0.74 (0.56–0.97)	0.03
Visual deterioration
Asia	1.22 (1.14–1.31)	<0.001
Eastern Europe	0.72 (0.66–0.79)	<0.001

Hazard ratios adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, histories of macrovascular and microvascular disease, current smoking, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA_1c, creatinine, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, any oral hypoglycemic drug, aspirin plus other antiplatelet agents, statins plus other lipid-modifying drugs, any blood pressure–lowering drug, and randomized treatment allocations (n = 11,140).

*Comparison with EMEs. (All three-way comparisons have P < 0.001.)