Table A1.

Ethnic Identity Subscale Items in English and Spanish

	Item in English
	Item in Spanish
Item 2a	You have not participated in any activities that would teach you about your background.
	No he participado en ninguna actividad que me enseñara sobre mi origen.
Item 4	You have experienced things that reflect your background, such as eating food, listening to music, and watching movies.
	He experimentado cosas que reflejan mi origen, como comer comida, escuchar música y ver películas.
Item 5	You have attended events that have helped you learn more about your background.
	He asistido a eventos que me han ayudado a aprender más acerca de mi origen.
Item 6	You have read books/magazines/newspapers or other materials that have taught you about your background.
	He leído libros/revistas/periódicos u otros materiales que me han enseñado acerca de mi origen.
Item 8	You have participated in activities that have exposed you to your background.
	He participado en actividades que me han expuesto a mi origen.
Item 11	You have learned about your background by doing things such as reading (books, magazines, newspapers), searching the Internet, or keeping up with current events.
	He aprendido acerca de mi origen al hacer cosas como leer (libros, revistas, periódicos), buscar en el internet o mantenerme al día con eventos actuales.
Item 15	You have participated in activities that have taught you about your background.
	He participado en actividades que me han enseñado acerca de mi origen.
Resolution
Item 3	You are clear about what your background means to you.
	Tengo claro lo que significa para mi, mi origen.
Item 12	You understand how you feel about your background.
	Entiendo cómo me siento acerca de mi origen.
Item 14	You know what your background means to you.
	Sé lo que mi origen significa para mí.
Item 17	You have a clear sense of what your background means to you.
	Tengo un sentido claro de lo que mi origen significa para mí.
Affirmation
Item 1a	Your feelings about your background are mostly negative.
	Mis sentimientos sobre mi origen son mayormente negativos.
Item 7a	You feel negatively about your background.
	Me siento negativo/a acerca de mi origen.
Item 9a	You wish you were of a cultural background that was not [Mexican/Mexican American].
	Quisiera ser de un origen étnico que no fuera [Mexicano/Mexicano Americano].
Item 10a	You are not happy with your background.
	No estoy contento/a con mi origen.
Item 13a	If you could choose, you would prefer to be of an ethnicity that was not [Mexican/Mexican American].
	Si pudiera escoger, preferiría tener otro origen étnico que no fuera [Mexicano/Mexicano Americano].
Item 16a	You dislike your background.
	No me gusta mi origen.

^a.Reverse-scored item.

Source: English items reprinted with permission from Umaña-Taylor, A. J., Yazedjian, A., & Bámaca-Gómez, M. (2004). “Developing the Ethnic Identity Scale Using Eriksonian and Social Identity Perspectives.” Identity: The International Journal of Theory and Research, 4, 9–38 (Taylor & Francis Group, UK).