Table 2.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Resection for Stages I to III Colon Cancer Stratified by Stage and Location
| Variable | Patients (%) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage I (n = 13,075) |
Stage II (n = 23,578) |
Stage III (n = 17,148) |
|||||||
| Right-Sided Cancer(n = 8,419) | Left-Sided Cancer(n = 4,656) | P | Right-Sided Cancer(n = 15,992) | Left-Sided Cancer(n = 7,586) | P | Right-Sided Cancer(n = 11,665) | Left-Sided Cancer (n = 5,493) | P | |
| Demographic | |||||||||
| Age, years | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| 65-69 | 10.6 | 17.3 | 10.3 | 13.7 | 12.4 | 16.0 | |||
| 70-74 | 21.4 | 25.7 | 18.7 | 22.3 | 20.5 | 24.9 | |||
| 75-79 | 26.4 | 27.0 | 24.2 | 24.4 | 25.1 | 25.9 | |||
| 80-84 | 23.1 | 18.8 | 23.5 | 21.5 | 22.2 | 20.0 | |||
| ≥ 85 | 18.5 | 11.2 | 23.3 | 18.1 | 19.8 | 13.3 | |||
| Male sex | 40.5 | 49.0 | < .001 | 37.7 | 46.1 | < .001 | 37.5 | 49.1 | < .001 |
| Ethnicity | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| White | 87.7 | 85.5 | 87.6 | 84.4 | 85.4 | 81.1 | |||
| Black | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 7.8 | |||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 3.2 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 7.1 | |||
| Hispanic | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.8 | |||
| Other | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | |||
| Marital status, % | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| Married | 51.8 | 57.2 | 47.5 | 51.2 | 49.4 | 54.6 | |||
| Widowed | 33.7 | 28.9 | 37.9 | 33.9 | 35.7 | 30.4 | |||
| Single, separated, or divorced | 11.3 | 10.7 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.2 | |||
| Unknown | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | |||
| SEER registry | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| California | 28.3 | 28.7 | 29.8 | 28.5 | 27.8 | 29.3 | |||
| Connecticut | 9.3 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 10.8 | |||
| Detroit | 9.8 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 10.3 | |||
| Hawaii | 1.7 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.8 | |||
| Iowa | 12.9 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 11.1 | |||
| New Mexico | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 3.0 | |||
| Seattle | 7.7 | 6.3 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.3 | |||
| Utah | 3.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | |||
| Atlanta and rural Georgia | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.0 | |||
| Kentucky | 5.6 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | |||
| Louisiana | 4.2 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.6 | |||
| New Jersey | 11.0 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 10.9 | 9.5 | |||
| Residence location | .02 | .88 | .25 | ||||||
| Major metropolitan | 55.4 | 52.8 | 55.9 | 56.2 | 56.7 | 55.7 | |||
| Metropolitan or urban | 34.4 | 36.6 | 33.9 | 33.6 | 33.0 | 34.3 | |||
| Less urban or rural | 10.2 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.0 | |||
| Median household income (census tract), $ in thousands* | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| Mean | 47.0 | 44.9 | 45.2 | 44.1 | 45.4 | 44.1 | |||
| SD | 23.1 | 21.4 | 22.1 | 22.2 | 22.0 | 21.5 | |||
| Less than 12 years of education (census tract)* | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| Mean | 17.9 | 19.2 | 18.7 | 19.7 | 18.8 | 19.8 | |||
| SD | 12.0 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.9 | 12.6 | 12.9 | |||
| Year of diagnosis by Medicare colonoscopy coverage | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| 1992-1997 | 25.0 | 32.9 | 32.7 | 37.5 | 30.4 | 33.4 | |||
| 1998-June 2001 | 25.4 | 24.4 | 24.9 | 24.3 | 24.7 | 23.6 | |||
| July 2001-2005 | 49.7 | 42.7 | 42.4 | 38.2 | 44.9 | 43.0 | |||
| Poor prognostic feature | |||||||||
| Emergent admission | 11.6 | 9.2 | < .001 | 18.4 | 20.0 | .002 | 21.0 | 20.4 | .33 |
| Intestinal obstruction on admission | 0.6 | 1.3 | < .001 | 3.3 | 7.5 | < .001 | 4.4 | 7.3 | < .001 |
| Intestinal perforation on admission | 0.3 | 0.5 | .09 | 1.6 | 3.4 | < .001 | 1.8 | 2.3 | .04 |
| T stage | < .001 | .07 | < .001 | ||||||
| Tis, T0, T1, or T2 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 11.8 | |||
| T3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 86.1 | 85.2 | 70.3 | 70.9 | |||
| T4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 19.7 | 17.3 | |||
| No. of nodes resected | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| 0-11 | 58.7 | 81.0 | 48.8 | 65.8 | 44.1 | 60.7 | |||
| ≥ 12 | 41.3 | 19.1 | 51.2 | 34.2 | 56.0 | 39.3 | |||
| Tumor grade | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| Well differentiated | 17.4 | 19.7 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 4.5 | 5.7 | |||
| Moderately differentiated | 71.1 | 72.9 | 69.0 | 79.5 | 59.6 | 73.4 | |||
| Poorly or undifferentiated | 11.5 | 7.5 | 23.8 | 12.0 | 35.9 | 21.0 | |||
| Comorbidity and treatment measure | |||||||||
| HCC risk score* | < .001 | .02 | .03 | ||||||
| Mean | 1.81 | 1.58 | 1.95 | 2.00 | 2.60 | 2.55 | |||
| SD | 1.26 | 1.24 | 1.28 | 1.35 | 1.42 | 1.48 | |||
| Any hospitalization in the previous year | 27.8 | 24.3 | < .001 | 28.1 | 24.6 | < .001 | 27.4 | 23.5 | < .001 |
| Rehospitalization within 30 days of discharge | 10.3 | 10.1 | .71 | 11.0 | 11.6 | .19 | 11.8 | 11.4 | .44 |
| Any in-hospital surgical complication | 2.4 | 3.3 | .002 | 2.9 | 5.4 | < .001 | 3.1 | 4.8 | < .001 |
| Oncologist visit within 30 days of surgery | 15.9 | 13.8 | .00 | 28.0 | 29.5 | .02 | 45.2 | 43.7 | .07 |
| Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy | .17 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| None | 96.3 | 96.9 | 81.6 | 77.7 | 44.3 | 40.2 | |||
| Incomplete: 1-4 months | 2.4 | 2.0 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 16.9 | 15.9 | |||
| Complete: ≥ 5 months | 1.3 | 1.2 | 11.6 | 14.8 | 38.8 | 43.9 | |||
NOTE. Total No. of patients = 53,801.
Abbreviations: HCC, Hierarchical Condition Categories; SD, standard deviation; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.
*
Individuals with missing data (n = 2,856) are not included in these means.