Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Nonpregnant US Women Aged 18 to 44 Years (n = 69,043), by Current Depression Statusa
| Characteristic | Depression Status, % (95% CI) | P Valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Major Depression | Minor Depression | Past Diagnosis of Depression | No Depression | ||
| Overall | 5.6 (5.1-6.0) | 9.2 (8.7-9.8) | 13.2 (12.5-13.9) | 72.0 (71.1-73.0) | NA |
| Age, y | |||||
| 18-24 | 19.5 (17.0-22.2) | 26.7 (24.0-29.6) | 18.6 (16.9-20.4) | 21.1 (20.0-22.4) | .003 |
| 25-29 | 15.6 (13.4, 18.1) | 13.9 (12.7, 15.3) | 15.9 (14.5, 17.3) | 14.9 (14.1, 15.7) | |
| 30-34 | 19.0 (16.4, 21.9) | 19.0 (16.9, 21.3) | 19.7 (18.4, 21.1) | 20.4 (19.5, 21.2) | |
| 35-39 | 19.4 (17.3, 21.8) | 18.5 (17.0, 20.1) | 20.8 (19.4, 22.2) | 19.8 (19.0, 20.6) | |
| 40-44 | 26.5 (24.2, 29.1) | 21.9 (19.9, 24.0) | 25.2 (23.3, 27.1) | 23.9 (22.8, 25.0) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Black | 14.0 (11.4-17.2) | 13.5 (11.3-16.0) | 5.2 (4.4-6.2) | 11.4 (9.8-13.3) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 15.9 (12.4-20.1) | 20.3 (15.7-25.8) | 13.6 (10.2-18.0) | 17.9 (14.0-22.6) | |
| Other | 7.5 (5.9-9.5) | 7.9 (6.5-9.4) | 4.7 (3.9-5.6) | 7.1 (6.3-8.1) | |
| White | 62.6 (58.2-66.9) | 58.4 (54.0-62.7) | 76.5 (72.5-80.1) | 63.6 (59.2-67.7) | |
| Education | |||||
| <High school | 19.2 (16.4-22.2) | 15.1 (12.6-17.9) | 8.6 (6.9-10.6) | 8.4 (7.0-10.0) | <.001 |
| High school | 31.5 (28.3-34.9) | 30.2 (27.7-32.8) | 24.8 (23.1-26.6) | 23.2 (22.1-24.3) | |
| Some college | 33.1 (29.9-36.4) | 31.7 (28.8-34.7) | 30.2 (28.2-32.2) | 29.2 (28.1-30.4) | |
| College degree | 16.3 (13.9-19.0) | 23.1 (20.7-25.7) | 36.5 (34.5-38.5) | 39.2 (37.6-40.9) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Never married | 31.4 (28.5-34.5) | 30.0 (27.9-32.2) | 23.7 (21.9-25.7) | 26.4 (25.2-27.6) | <.001 |
| Divorced, separated, or widowed | 23.2 (20.9-25.6) | 13.1 (11.9-14.5) | 13.1 (12.0-14.4) | 8.1 (7.6-8.6) | |
| Unmarried couple | 7.4 (6.0-9.1) | 8.6 (6.9-10.7) | 7.1 (6.1-8.4) | 5.6 (4.9-6.4) | |
| Married | 38.0 (35.7-40.5) | 48.3 (46.2-50.4) | 56.0 (53.7-58.4) | 59.9 (58.5-61.3) | |
| Employment | |||||
| Employed for wages | 42.5 (39.5-45.6) | 56.5 (53.6-59.3) | 62.8 (60.8-64.7) | 64.9 (63.1-66.8) | <.001 |
| Homemaker | 13.0 (11.0-15.3) | 17.3 (14.7-20.3) | 16.8 (15.5-18.2) | 17.9 (16.6-19.2) | |
| Unemployed | 17.2 (15.0-19.8) | 11.1 (9.6-12.7) | 7.2 (6.0-8.7) | 5.9 (5.1-6.7) | |
| Unable to work | 17.8 (15.7-20.2) | 6.6 (5.3-8.1) | 3.9 (3.3-4.6) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | |
| Student or retired | 9.4 (7.3-12.1) | 8.7 (7.4-10.1) | 9.4 (8.3-10.6) | 10.2 (9.5-10.9) | |
| Annual household income, $ | |||||
| <15,000 | 17.5 (15.4-19.7) | 8.3 (6.9-9.9) | 4.9 (4.1-5.9) | 5.2 (4.2-6.4) | <.001 |
| 15,000–24,999 | 37.8 (35.1-40.6) | 27.3 (25.4-29.4) | 19.4 (17.7-21.2) | 17.3 (16.1-18.6) | |
| 25,000–49,999 | 24.3 (21.5-27.4) | 29.8 (27.3-32.4) | 26.4 (24.6-28.2) | 25.1 (24.0-26.3) | |
| >50,000 | 20.4 (17.9-23.2) | 34.6 (31.5-37.8) | 49.4 (47.0-51.8) | 52.4 (50.2-54.6) | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable.
a
Current depression defined based on PHQ-8, adapted from PHQ-9 (9-11); major depression defined as reporting ≥7 d of having little interest or pleasure in doing things or feeling down, depressed, or hopeless and reporting ≥7 d to ≥5 questions total. Minor depression defined as reporting ≥7 d of having little interest or pleasure in doing things or feeling down, depressed, or hopeless and reporting ≥7 d to 2-4 questions total; past diagnosis based on self-report. Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2006, 2008, and 2010.
b
Calculated by using χ2 test.