Table 2.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Chronic Disease Risk Factors by Current Depression Statusa Among Nonpregnant US Women Aged 18 to 44 Years (n = 69,043)
| Characteristic | Depression Status, % (95% CI) | P Valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Major Depression | Minor Depression | Past Diagnosis of Depression | No Depression | ||
| Diabetes status | |||||
| Prediabetes | 1.8 (1.3-2.5) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) | 0.9 (0.6-1.4) | 0.5 (0.4-0.6) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 6.4 (5.3-7.6) | 5.3 (4.3-6.4) | 3.5 (2.9-4.3) | 1.8 (1.6-2.1) | |
| Current smoker | |||||
| Yes | 44.1 (40.5-47.7) | 29.6 (27.6-31.8) | 26.8 (24.7-29.0) | 14.2 (13.2-15.4) | <.001 |
| Alcohol consumptionc | |||||
| Binge or heavy drinker | 17.6 (15.2-20.4) | 17.8 (15.9-19.9) | 19.7 (18.5-20.9) | 14.5 (13.8-15.2) | <.001 |
| BMId | |||||
| Overweight | 24.7 (22.5-27.1) | 28.7 (26.1-31.5) | 26.9 (25.1-28.8) | 25.5 (24.5-26.5) | <.001 |
| Obese | 35.8 (32.3-39.4) | 34.9 (32.8-37.1) | 28.2 (26.2-30.2) | 19.9 (19.1-20.9) | |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Inactivee | 41.6 (38.4-44.8) | 31.5 (29.3-33.8) | 21.2 (19.3-23.2) | 18.9 (18.0-19.9) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.
Current depression defined based on PHQ-8, adapted from PHQ-9 (9-11); major depression defined as reporting ≥7 d of having little interest or pleasure in doing things or feeling down, depressed, or hopeless and reporting ≥7 d to ≥5 questions total. Minor depression defined as reporting ≥7 d of having little interest or pleasure in doing things or feeling down, depressed, or hopeless and reporting ≥7 d to 2-4 questions total; past diagnosis based on self-report. Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2006, 2008, and 2010.
Calculated by using χ2 test.
Heavy drinker defined as >1 drink/d and binge drinker defined as >4 drinks on 1 occasion in the past 30 days.
Overweight defined as BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2; obese defined as BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2.
No physical activity other than normal job in past 30 days.