Table 3.
Characteristic | Adjusted* Cost Ratio |
---|---|
Hospice | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) |
Age | |
67–74 | 1 [reference] |
75–79 | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) |
80–84 | 0.89 (0.84–0.93) |
85–89 | 0.80 (0.76–0.85) |
≥90 | 0.65 (0.61–0.68) |
Female | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) |
Race | |
White | 1 [reference] |
Black | 1.31 (1.23–1.38) |
Other | 1.24 (1.14–1.35) |
Region | |
Northeast | 1 [reference] |
Midwest | 0.82 (0.79–0.86) |
South | 0.85 (0.81–0.88) |
West | 0.94 (0.89–0.99) |
Comorbid Conditions | |
COPD | 1.09 (1.05–1.12) |
Hypertension | 1.12 (1.07–1.16) |
Kidney disease | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) |
ESRD | 1.59 (1.48–1.71) |
Diabetes | 1.09 (1.06–1.13) |
Cancer | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) |
Dementia | 0.86 (0.82–0.91) |
Cerebrovascular Disease | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) |
Coronary Atherosclerosis | 1.13 (1.10–1.17) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) |
Depression | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) |
Hospitalizations, 6–18 months prior to death | |
None | 1 [reference] |
1–2 | 1.10 (1.06–1.14) |
≥3 | 1.30 (1.24–1.36) |
Adjusted for all other variables in table