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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Nov 21.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Cell. 2009 Oct;17(4):443–458. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.09.011

Figure 1. β-arrestins Mediate Vertebrate Hedgehog Signaling.

Figure 1

(1) Upon Hh binding, Ptc-mediated repression of Smo is released, resulting in (2) phosphorylation of Smo by GRK-2 and formation of a complex between Smo, β-arrestins, and the molecular motor Kif3A. (3) The Smo-β-arrestin-Kif3A complex translocates Smo to the primary cilium where (4) Smo cleaves Gli into its active form. (5) Active Gli then translocates down the primary cilium and (6) into the nucleus where it activates transcription of downstream targets.