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. 2009 Aug;23(8):2710–2726. doi: 10.1096/fj.08-127696

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Proteasome inhibition decreased astrogliosis in rat brain. Rat brains were perfused with a microdialysis probe into PFC or striatum. Brains were isolated after 72 h of perfusion starting ≤7 d after probe implantation. Probes were either left nonperfused or were perfused with 250 nM epoxomicin (n=7). Images are from a rat that was perfused for 72 h with epoxomicin, starting 4 d after probe implantation into PFC. Dotted lines indicate area where probe was located. Images are rotated for presentation purposes, placing the midline below the probe. Results were comparable among all rats studied. A) GFAP IR showed astrogliosis around area where nonperfused microdialysis probe was located. Arrows indicate area of astrogliosis around probe site. B) At higher magnification, reactive GFAP-positive astrocytic processes are clearly visible. C) No astrogliosis was found around epoxomicin-perfused probe and only a little GFAP IR is seen in several filaments and “squiggles” (arrowheads). Cell layers further away from probe looked normal. D) At higher magnification, no clear GFAP-positive astrocytic processes are visible around epoxomicin-perfused probe site. Only a punctate staining pattern is present, indicating loss of GFAP cytoskeletal fibers. E) Vimentin IR also showed astrogliosis around nonperfused probe site, similar to GFAP. Asterisk marks area that looks normal, without astrogliosis. F) Vimentin IR was clearly decreased after epoxomicin perfusion around probe site, as with GFAP. G, H) S100β clearly stained astrocytes around nonperfused (E) and epoxomicin-perfused (F) probe sites. I, J) NeuN staining showed normal-looking neurons located around both nonperfused (I) and epoxomicin-perfused (J) probe site. Immediately adjacent to probe site, NeuN-negative band was present in both conditions, as indicated by dashed line. K) Hsp70 IR was not detected around nonperfused probe site. L) Hsp70 IR was clearly up-regulated around epoxomicin-perfused site, indicating area of brain that was penetrated by epoxomicin. Scale bars = 100 μm (A, C, E–L); 50 μm (B, D).