Table 7. Cytokine concentrations and responses measured with a microarray.
| Cytokine | Subject Group | Nil | ESAT-6 Response | CFP-10 Response | ESAT-6+CFP-10 Response | ESAT-6+CFP-10+TB7.7 Response |
| IL-13 | Patients | 0 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 8 |
| (0 to 40) | (0 to 32) | (0 to 21) | (0 to 21) | (−5 to 17) | ||
| Controls | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| (0 to 484) | (−33 to 49) | (0 to 172) | (−89 to 184) | (−140 to 3) | ||
| p-value | 0.115 | 0.192 | 0.664 | 0.174 | 0.076 | |
| GM-CSF | Patients | 3 | 0 | 4 | 12 | 14 |
| (0 to 112) | (−5 to 44) | (−29 to 32) | (−50 to 107) | (−78 to 115) | ||
| Controls | 17 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | |
| (0 to 540) | (−3 to 108) | (−18 to 65) | (−117 to 22) | (−272 to 23) | ||
| p-value | 0.390 | 0.469 | 0.717 | 0.431 | 0.197 | |
| GRO | Patients | 2,811 | 735 | 706 | 829 | 880 |
| (183 to 3,875) | (−1,313 to 2,384) | (−1,083 to 4,907) | (−2,008 to 7,074) | (−2,547 to 37,398) | ||
| Controls | 2,468 | 71 | −42 | −96 | −150 | |
| (387 to 86,052) | (−769 to 1,661) | (−499 to 4,487) | (−14,640 to 2,782) | (−23,190 to 833) | ||
| p-value | 0.475 | 0.668 | 0.668 | 0.391 | 0.200 | |
| MCP-1 | Patients | 20,392 | 72,572 | 102,845 | 76,846 | 72,438 |
| (5,954 to 276,527) | (26,792 to 273,723) | (39,217 to 273,765) | (56,043 to 273,741) | (34,099 to 273,614) | ||
| Controls | 10,289 | 641 | 254 | 297 | 3,900 | |
| (1,429 to 44,833) | (−2,416 to 22,637) | (−5,741 to 52,258) | (−7,145 to 30,559) | (−17,689 to 20,497) | ||
| p-value | 0.253 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | |
| MIP-1α | Patients | 19 | 284 | 269 | 123 | 2,107 |
| (1 to 505) | (17 to 5,688) | (0 to 1,000) | (18 to 2,690) | (−49 to 13,538) | ||
| Controls | 315 | 24 | 221 | 1 | 6** | |
| (6 to 5,950) | (0 to 846) | (−10 to 639) | (−2,153 to 61) | (−4,872 to 74) | ||
| p-value | 0.410 | 0.272 | 0.465 | 0.028 | 0.047 | |
| MIP-1β | Patients | 289 | 13,458 | 15,682 | 18,155 | 25,109 |
| (154 to 15,734) | (3,933 to 29,494) | (3,702 to 29,263) | (2,105 to 29,484) | (4,745 to 37,410) | ||
| Controls | 336 | 111 | 59 | 106 | −74 | |
| (33 to 453) | (−4 to 272) | (−66 to 426) | (−324 to 590) | (−361 to 418) | ||
| p-value | 0.465 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.009 | |
| MMP-9 | Patients | 185,949 | 271 | 15,740 | 15,639 | −148 |
| (94,883 to 326,513) | (28 to 98,216) | (−45 to 119,810) | (−35,972 to 121,997) | (−81,276 to 121,819) | ||
| Controls | 219,901 | 9,230 | 52,022 | 40,621 | 210** | |
| (94,886 to 379,856) | (−32,479 to 88,506) | (0 to 93,451) | (−28,509 to 144,182) | (−35,664 to 126,870) | ||
| p-value | 0.584 | 0.855 | 0.855 | 0.855 | 0.465 | |
| RANTES | Patients | 20,988 | 548 | 5,149 | −12 | 3,238 |
| (8,034 to 42,202) | (−29,902 to 74,284) | (−5,196 to 74,287) | (−33,996 to 74,252) | (−39,618 to 74,266) | ||
| Controls | 25,468 | 2 | 720 | 5,213 | 2,871 | |
| (8,033 to 43,474) | (−12,265 to 7,702) | (−21,765 to 28,541) | (−29,131 to 36,499) | (−33,264 to 20,574) | ||
| p-value | 0.886 | 0.475 | 0.668 | 1.000 | 0.522 | |
| TNF-α | Patients | 2 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 143 |
| (0 to 207) | (−42 to 77) | (−53 to 29) | (−69 to 127) | (−115 to 173) | ||
| Controls | 15 | 0 | 16 | 6 | −1 | |
| (1 to 4,590) | (−310 to 231) | (−842 to 721) | (−1,191 to 361) | (−1,656 to 94) | ||
| p-value | 0.223 | 0.871 | 0.806 | 0.570 | 0.100 | |
| VEGF | Patients | 306* | −40* | −64* | −203* | −139* |
| (0 to 400) | (−179 to 25) | (−191 to 248) | (−277 to 35) | (−216 to 0) | ||
| Controls | 335 | −17 | 28 | 11 | −4** | |
| (35 to 432) | (−114 to 90) | (−44 to 162) | (−61 to 164) | (−87 to 180) | ||
| p-value | 1.000 | 0.831 | 0.522 | 0.055 | 0.142 |
Median background cytokine concentrations (Nil, pg/mL) and cytokine responses (pg/mL) to phytohemagglutinin (Mitogen Response), early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6 Response), culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10 Response), TB7.7 (TB7.7 Response), and combinations of these M. tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens (ESAT-6+CFP-10 Response and ESAT-6+CFP-10+TB7.7 Response) are listed with ranges in parentheses. Cytokine concentrations were measured by a commercial quantitative immuno-microaray (microarray) for patients with culture-confirmed tuberculosis (patients) and subjects at low risk for Mtb exposure (controls). Responses were calculated by subtracting the background cytokine concentration in plasma from blood incubated with saline (Nil) from the cytokine concentration in plasma from blood incubated with mitogen or Mtb antigens. Cytokine responses for some patients and controls were not determined due to poor performance of the respective standard curves. N = 5 or 6 for patients subjects and N = 6 or 7 for controls unless indicated (*n = 4, **n = 5). P values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U Rank Sum test comparing cytokine concentrations or responses for patients with controls. Significant differences (p<0.05) are indicated in bold type.