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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 17.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Oct 27;10(5):497–506. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.006

Figure 2. Natural periodontal bone loss in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) but not germ-free (GF) mice.

Figure 2

(A) SPF and GF mice at the indicated ages were assessed for periodontal bone levels. Negative values indicate bone loss relative to 5-week-old SPF mice. (B) Gingiva were dissected from 10-week-old SPF or GF mice and gingival mRNA levels of the indicated molecules were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (normalized against GAPDH mRNA and expressed as fold change in SPF transcript levels relative to GF transcripts levels, which were assigned an average value of 1). Data are means ± SD (n = 5 to 6 mice per group). *p <0.05; **p <0.01 between age-matched SPF and GF mice.