Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| IBPA | Control | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 13 | 42 | ---- |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age, mean, years (SD) | 74.3 (13.5) | 73.2 (7.46) | 0.150 |
| Sex, number (%) | |||
| Male | 7 (53.8) | 25 (59.5) | 0.228 |
| Female | 6 (46.2) | 17 (40.5) | |
| Length of hospitalization before ICU admission, days (IQR) | 15 (8.5-29.5) | 3 (2-6.25) | 0.001a |
| Length of ICU stay, days (IQR) | 10 (6-20) | 7 (5-14) | 0.253 |
| Transferred from other hospital/ICU, number (%) | 5 (38.5) | 5 (11.9) | 0.079 |
| From other ICU, number (%) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (7.1) | 0.672 |
| From other hospital, number (%) | 4 (30.8) | 2 (4.8) | 0.034a |
| Medical history, number (%) | |||
| Three or more hospitalizations | 9 (69.2) | 38 (90.5) | 0.147 |
| Chronic renal dysfunction | 3 (23.1) | 4 (9.5) | 0.421 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0) | 6 (14.3) | 0.350 |
| Nonhematologic malignancy | 0 (0) | 3 (7.1) | 0.438 |
| Corticosteroids use | |||
| Number of patients with steroids use (%) | 9 (69.2) | 26 (61.9) | 0.881 |
| Prolonged steroids for≥3 weeks before ICU admission, number (%) | 1 (7.7) | 5 (11.9) | 1.000 |
| Accumulated dosage of systemic steroids,▵ mg, mean (SD) | 371 (199) | 180 (150) | 0.006a |
| Accumulated dosage of systemic steroids,▵ mg, median (IQR) | 400 (190-535) | 105 (75-241) | 0.021a |
| Duration of steroids before ICU admission, day, median (IQR) | 6 (0-7) | 1 (0-3) | 0.041a |
| Daily dosage of systemic steroids ▵, mg, median (IQR) | 50 (0-75) | 50 (0-63) | 0.377 |
| Inhaled steroids, number (%) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (4.8) | 1.000 |
| Antibiotics | |||
| Number of patients with antibiotics (%) | 13 (100) | 36 (85.7) | 0.350 |
| Number of kinds of antibiotics, median (IQR) | 3 (1-5) | 2 (1-2) | 0.037a |
| Length of antibiotics use, days, median (IQR) | 10 (4.5-22.0) | 3 (2-10.3) | 0.015a |
| APACHE II scores, mean (SD) | 18.6 (7.1) | 12.6 (4.5) | 0.010a |
| Mechanical ventilation | |||
| Total number of patients with invasive ventilation during RICU stays (%) | 13 (100) | 25 (59.5) | 0.016a |
| Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, days, median (IQR) | 8 (5-15) | 3 (0-10) | 0.006a |
| Outcome, number (%) | |||
| Survival | 4 (30.8) | 35 (83.3) | 0.001a |
| Dead | 9 (69.2) | 7 (16.7) |
SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. ▵The steroid doses were converted to prednisone dose (for example, 20 mg of hydrocortisone = approximately 5 mg of prednisone). aP < 0.05.