Table 2.
Availability of drugs to implement the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines
| African countries N = 263 |
High-income countries N = 44 |
P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Always | Some-times | Never | Don't know | Always | Some-times | Never | Don't know | ||
| Oxygen | 243 (93.8) | 15 (5.8) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 |
| Antibiotics | |||||||||
| Ampicilline | 201 (78.5) | 47 (18.4) | 5 (2) | 3 (1.2) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004* |
| Gentamycine | 243 (92.4) | 19 (7.2) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 |
| 3 rd /4 th Gen Cephalosporine | 203 (77.5) | 57 (21.8) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002* |
| Piperacilline | 65 (26.4) | 40 (16.3) | 83 (33.7) | 58 (23.6) | 43 (97.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.3) | <0.001* |
| Carbapenem | 79 (32.1) | 46 (18.7) | 68 (27.6) | 53 (21.5) | 43 (97.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.3) | <0.001* |
| IV fluids | |||||||||
| Crystalloids | 254 (96.6) | 9 (3.4) | 0 | 0 | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.21 |
| Colloids | 158 (60.8) | 81 (31.2) | 16 (6.2) | 5 (1.9) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| Blood products | |||||||||
| Red blood cells | 206 (79.5) | 51 (19.7) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005* |
| Fresh frozen plasma | 109 (42.6) | 81 (31.6) | 59 (23) | 7 (2.7) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| Platelets | 69 (27.2) | 93 (36.6) | 79 (31.1) | 13 (5.1) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| Cardiovascular drugs | |||||||||
| Noradrenaline | 119 (46.7) | 60 (23.5) | 67 (26.3) | 9 (3.5) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| Dopamine | 133 (51.4) | 68 (26.3) | 52 (20.1) | 6 (2.3) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| Dobutamine | 94 (37.2) | 67 (26.5) | 77 (30.4) | 15 (5.9) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| Adrenaline | 255 (97.3) | 7 (2.7) | 0 | 0 | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.27 |
| Hydrocortisone | 252 (96.2) | 9 (3.4) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.21 |
| Vasopressin | 76 (29.8) | 66 (25.9) | 93 (36.5) | 20 (7.8) | 43 (97.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.3) | <0.001* |
| Anesthetic/sedative drugs | |||||||||
| Thiopentone | 243 (93.1) | 11 (4.2) | 7 (2.7) | 0 | 43 (97.7) | 1 (2.3) | 0 | 0 | 0.44 |
| Propofol | 154 (59) | 71 (27.2) | 36 (13.8) | 0 | 43 (97.7) | 1 (2.3) | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| Succinylcholine | 242 (93.4) | 9 (3.5) | 7 (2.7) | 1 (0.4) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 |
| ND Muscle Relaxant | 185 (70.6) | 59 (22.5) | 18 (6.9) | 0 | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| IV opiate/opioide | 208 (79.7) | 50 (19.2) | 3 (1.1) | 0 | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004* |
| Diazepam | 251 (95.8) | 11 (4.2) | 0 | 0 | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.17 |
| Midazolam | 138 (52.9) | 72 (27.6) | 48 (18.4) | 3 (1.1) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| Others | |||||||||
| Insulin | 232 (89.2) | 27 (10.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 |
| Heparin or LMWH | 174 (67.7) | 56 (21.8) | 21 (8.2) | 6 (2.3) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| H2-Blockers | 182 (70.3) | 64 (24.7) | 9 (3.5) | 4 (1.5) | 44 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.001* |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 145 (55.1) | 82 (31.2) | 18 (7.1) | 10 (3.9) | 42 (95.5) | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.5) | <0.001* |
| Activated protein C | 15 (6.1) | 32 (13) | 139 (56.3) | 61 (24.7) | 39 (88.6) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (4.5) | 2 (4.5) | <0.001* |
*, significant group difference ('don't know' choices were not included in statistical comparisons); H2, histamine receptor 2; IV, intravenous; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; ND, non-depolarizing.
All data are given as absolute values and percentages of completed responses.