Table 3.
Patient clinical characteristics (three-day ICU)
| All N = 444 | Non-ICU N = 333 | ICU N = 111 | P-value | Survivors N = 351 | Non-survivors N = 93 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical features | |||||||
| - Received ventilation | 139 (31.3) | 45 (13.5) | 94 (84.7) | <0.001 | 87 (24.8) | 52 (55.9) | <0.001 |
| - Septic shock | 104 (23.4) | 49 (14.7) | 55 (49.5) | <0.001 | 61 (17.4) | 43 (46.2) | <0.001 |
| - Altered mental status | 111 (25.0) | 53 (15.9) | 58 (52.3) | <0.001 | 66 (18.8) | 45 (48.4) | <0.001 |
| - Pleural effusion | 144 (32.4) | 97 (29.1) | 47 (42.3) | 0.010 | 101 (28.8) | 43 (46.2) | 0.001 |
| - Multilobar involvement | 242 (54.5) | 161 (48.3) | 81 (73.0) | <0.001 | 174 (49.6) | 68 (73.1) | <0.001 |
| - Temperature <35°C or ≥40°C | 8 (1.8) | 3 (0.9) | 5 (4.5) | 0.026 | 3 (0.9) | 5 (5.4) | 0.012 |
| - BUN >20 mg/dL | 279 (62.8) | 191 (57.4) | 88 (79.3) | <0.001 | 206 (58.7) | 73 (78.5) | <0.001 |
| - BUN >30 mg/dL | 164 (36.9) | 107 (32.1) | 57 (51.4) | <0.001 | 113 (32.2) | 51 (54.8) | <0.001 |
| - Pulse ≥125/minute | 97 (21.8) | 63 (18.9) | 34 (30.6) | 0.010 | 81 (23.1) | 16 (17.2) | 0.223 |
| - Respiratory rate >30/minute | 31 (7.0) | 14 (4.2) | 17 (15.3) | <0.001 | 24 (6.8) | 7 (7.5) | 0.817 |
| - Systolic BP <90 mmHg | 35 (7.9) | 18 (5.4) | 17 (15.3) | 0.001 | 21 (6.0) | 14 (15.1) | 0.004 |
| - Distolic BP ≤60 mmHg | 121 (27.3) | 84 (25.2) | 37 (33.3) | 0.097 | 87 (24.8) | 34 (36.6) | 0.023 |
| - Haematocrit <30% | 144 (32.4) | 110 (33.0) | 34 (30.6) | 0.640 | 105 (29.9) | 39 (41.9) | 0.028 |
| - Arterial PH <7.35 | 65 (14.6) | 23 (6.9) | 44 (39.6) | <0.001 | 41 (11.7) | 24 (25.8) | 0.001 |
| - Glucose ≥250 mg/dL | 44 (9.9) | 28 (8.4) | 16 (14.4) | 0.067 | 34 (9.7) | 10 (10.8) | 0.760 |
| - PaO2 <60 mmHg | 86 (19.4) | 49 (14.7) | 37 (33.3) | <0.001 | 59 (16.8) | 27 (29.0) | 0.005 |
| Initial antibiotic therapy§ | 0.583 | 0.001 | |||||
| - Inadequate | 75 (16.9) | 57 (17.1) | 18 (16.2) | 52 (14.8) | 23 (24.7) | ||
| - Adequate | 158 (35.6) | 162 (48.6) | 49 (44.1) | 117 (33.3) | 41 (44.1) | ||
| - Indeterminate | 211 (47.5) | 114 (34.2) | 44 (39.6) | 182 (51.9) | 29 (31.2) | ||
| Outcome | |||||||
| - Length of ICU stay, days | 8 (4 to 17) | ------ | 8 (4 to 17) | --- | 12 (6.5 to 8.5) | 8 (2 to 15.3) | 0.002 |
| - Length of hospital stay, days | 15 (9 to 25) | 15 (8 to 23) | 19 (9 to 37) | 0.038 | 17 (9 to 29) | 9 (4 to 20) | <0.001 |
| - In-hospital mortality | 117 (26.4) | 64 (19.2) | 53 (47.8) | <0.001 | 24 (6.9) | 93 (100.0) | <0.001 |
*Data are expressed as number count (percentage) or median (interquartile range)
§Inadequate initial antibiotic therapy was defined as the condition when the therapy was unable to cover any of the isolated bacterium