Table 3.

Effects of videoconference intervention on participants’ depressive status and loneliness at 3, 6, and 12 months in consideration of group, time, and time × group effects

Variable			Unadjusted				Adjusteda
			beta	SE	χ21	P value	beta	SE	χ21	P value
Depressive status
	Group
		E vs Cb	2.22	1.03	5.0	.06	2.26	1.00		5.1	.05
	Time (vs Bc)
		3 months	0.97	0.33	8.9	<.001	0.99	0.32	9.3	<.001
		6 months	6.95	0.63	123.4	<.001	6.99	0.63	142.7	<.001
		12 months	7.64	0.70	118.9	<.001	7.71	0.70	119.6	<.001
Time × groupd
		3 months	–1.36	0.56	6.0	.02	–2.64	0.57		21.3	<.001
		6 months	–4.50	0.97	21.6	<.001	–4.33	1.03		17.6	<.001
		12 months	–4.45	0.89	24.9	<.001	–4.40	0.92		23.1	<.001
Loneliness
	Group
		E vs Cb	3.94	2.10	3.5	.09	3.27	2.23	2.2	.14
	Time (vs Bc)
		3 months	–0.31	0.53	0.4	.55	–0.31	0.53	0.3		.56
		6 months	2.81	1.23	5.2	.02	2.81	1.23	5.2		.02
		12 months	2.77	1.22	5.2	.02	2.78	1.23	5.1		.02
Time × groupd
		3 months	–4.84	1.14	18.0	<.001	–5.40	1.22	19.6	<.001
		6 months	–6.46	1.64	15.4	<.001	–6.47	1.70	14.5	<.001
		12 months	–6.42	1.64	15.3	<.001	–6.27	1.94	10.5	.001

^a Adjusted for residents’ age and length of residency.

^b C: comparison group, E: experimental group.

^c B: baseline measurement.

^d Group 0: comparison group (reference group), group 1: experimental group.