TABLE 3.
—Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection, by Alcohol, Noninjection Drug, and Injection Drug Use, in Women Aged 18 to 29 Years From Low-Income Neighborhoods of 4 Northern California Counties, April 1996–January 1998
| Population Prevalence of Variable, %a | Population Prevalence of HCV Antibody, % (95% CI)a,b | OR (95% CI)a | |
| History of injection drug use | 4.4 | 37.5 (26.4, 48.6) | 64.6 (33.0, 126.2)* |
| Shared needles (among those with a history of injection drug use) | |||
| Ever | 56.0 | 51.4 (38.8, 63.9) | 2.7 (0.8, 10.1) |
| Last 6 mo | 38.5 | 66.7 (47.2, 86.1) | 3.3 (1.0, 11.0)*** |
| Alcohol | |||
| Ever | 78.0 | 2.8 (1.6, 4.2) | 2.2 (0.8, 6.3) |
| Last 6 mo | 60.3 | 2.8 (1.5, 4.1) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.7) |
| Sex while high on | 30.7 | 4.3 (2.3, 6.4) | 2.6 (1.3, 5.3)** |
| Amphetamine | |||
| Ever | 12.3 | 9.3 (4.7, 13.8) | 7.1 (4.0, 12.6)* |
| Last 6 mo | 5.0 | 15.6 (8.3, 22.9) | 9.8 (5.6, 17.4)* |
| Sex while high on | 2.8 | 19.7 (9.0, 30.3) | 11.8 (6.0, 23.3)* |
| Injected amphetamine | |||
| Ever | 2.2 | 42.2 (26.5, 57.8) | 43.8 (18.8, 102.0)* |
| Last 6 mo | 1.0 | 55.8 (34.8, 76.7) | 61.9 (21.9, 174.7)* |
| Sex while high on | 0.6 | 50.0 (28.1, 71.9) | 44.0 (15.7, 123.5)* |
| Cocaine | |||
| Ever | 17.5 | 12.1 (7.8, 16.4) | 27.6 (11.2, 67.9)* |
| Last 6 mo | 8.5 | 21.1 (14.5, 27.7) | 32.9 (15.8, 68.5)* |
| Sex while high on | 5.2 | 24.5 (15.4, 33.7) | 24.3 (11.2, 52.5)* |
| Injected cocaine | |||
| Ever | 1.6 | 51.2 (33.2, 69.2) | 59.9 (25.5, 140.8)* |
| Last 6 mo | 0.9 | 72.6 (51.0, 94.2) | 135.5 (40.7, 451.2)* |
| Sex while high on | 0.2 | 100 (NAc) | NAc |
| Heroin | |||
| Ever | 5.1 | 28.9 (18.8, 38.9) | 36.2 (18.8, 68.9)* |
| Last 6 mo | 2.2 | 50.4 (36.9, 64.1) | 68.4 (32.7, 143.1)* |
| Sex while high on | 1.5 | 51.7 (34.3, 69.1) | 59.2 (25.9, 135.0)* |
| Injected heroin | |||
| Ever | 2.8 | 44.5 (32.5, 56.5) | 59.5 (28.5, 124.2)* |
| Last 6 mo | 1.7 | 66.7 (56.1, 77.2) | 140.6 (71.4, 276.6)* |
| Sex while high on | 1.2 | 62.8 (51.2, 74.3) | 93.4 (47.7, 182.8)* |
| Ever on methadone treatment | 1.2 | 45.5 (21.3, 69.8) | 41.0 (13.0, 129.8)* |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
aAll prevalence estimates, 95% CIs, and ORs are adjusted for the survey design.
bAnti-HCV confirmed in n = 40.
cNot able to calculate survey-adjusted CIs or ORs when the point estimate is 0 or 100%.
*P ≤ .001; **P ≤ .01; ***P ≤ .05.