TABLE 2.

Estimated Proportion of All-Cause Mortality Attributable to Obesity, by Country, Age, and Sex

	Women				Men
Country	50–59 Years, PAF (95% CI)	60–69 Years, PAF (95% CI)	70–79 Years, PAF (95% CI)	80–89 Years, PAF (95% CI)	50–59 Years, PAF (95% CI)	60–69 Years, PAF (95% CI)	70–79 Years, PAF (95% CI)	80–89 Years, PAF (95% CI)
Estimates based on self-reported height and weight
Comparison countries
Austria	0.13 (0.10, 0.19)	0.18 (0.13, 0.23)	0.08 (0.06, 0.14)	0.06 (0.02, 0.16)	0.19 (0.15, 0.23)	0.13 (0.10, 0.16)	0.10 (0.07, 0.13)	0.05 (0.00, 0.12)
Belgium	0.09 (0.07, 0.15)	0.16 (0.11, 0.20)	0.10 (0.08, 0.15)	0.06 (0.02, 0.17)	0.16 (0.13, 0.20)	0.12 (0.09, 0.15)	0.10 (0.07, 0.13)	0.07 (0.00, 0.14)
Czech Republic	0.10 (0.07, 0.17)	0.19 (0.13, 0.25)	0.14 (0.10, 0.21)	0.07 (0.02, 0.18)	0.18 (0.14, 0.22)	0.16 (0.12, 0.20)	0.12 (0.08, 0.15)	0.09 (0.00, 0.17)
Denmark	0.08 (0.06, 0.13)	0.11 (0.06, 0.14)	0.09 (0.07, 0.15)	0.03 (0.01, 0.14)	0.13 (0.10, 0.17)	0.11 (0.08, 0.14)	0.07 (0.05, 0.10)	0.06 (0.00, 0.13)
France	0.08 (0.06, 0.14)	0.12 (0.08, 0.17)	0.08 (0.06, 0.14)	0.04 (0.01, 0.15)	0.15 (0.11, 0.19)	0.13 (0.09, 0.17)	0.10 (0.07, 0.13)	0.06 (0.00, 0.13)
Germany	0.09 (0.08, 0.15)	0.16 (0.11, 0.21)	0.11 (0.09, 0.17)	0.05 (0.01, 0.15)	0.15 (0.12, 0.19)	0.13 (0.11, 0.16)	0.11 (0.08, 0.14)	0.08 (0.00, 0.15)
Israel	0.10 (0.06, 0.18)	0.14 (0.09, 0.19)	0.15 (0.10, 0.22)	0.05 (0.00, 0.15)	0.15 (0.10, 0.21)	0.13 (0.09, 0.18)	0.11 (0.06, 0.17)	0.05 (0.00, 0.12)
Italy	0.09 (0.07, 0.15)	0.14 (0.10, 0.19)	0.09 (0.07, 0.15)	0.05 (0.01, 0.16)	0.14 (0.11, 0.18)	0.13 (0.10, 0.16)	0.10 (0.07, 0.13)	0.07 (0.00, 0.14)
Netherlands	0.10 (0.08, 0.16)	0.13 (0.08, 0.18)	0.11 (0.08, 0.17)	0.05 (0.01, 0.14)	0.13 (0.10, 0.16)	0.13 (0.10, 0.15)	0.07 (0.05, 0.10)	0.04 (0.00, 0.11)
Poland	0.14 (0.11, 0.21)	0.22 (0.16, 0.27)	0.16 (0.13, 0.22)	0.06 (0.02, 0.17)	0.16 (0.13, 0.21)	0.16 (0.13, 0.20)	0.10 (0.08, 0.13)	0.06 (0.00, 0.12)
Spain	0.12 (0.10, 0.19)	0.21 (0.15, 0.27)	0.14 (0.11, 0.20)	0.09 (0.03, 0.18)	0.18 (0.14, 0.23)	0.15 (0.12, 0.18)	0.11 (0.08, 0.14)	0.09 (0.00, 0.16)
Sweden	0.09 (0.07, 0.16)	0.13 (0.08, 0.17)	0.10 (0.08, 0.16)	0.05 (0.02, 0.16)	0.16 (0.10, 0.24)	0.11 (0.09, 0.14)	0.08 (0.06, 0.10)	0.04 (0.00, 0.10)
Switzerland	0.06 (0.04, 0.10)	0.11 (0.07, 0.16)	0.09 (0.06, 0.14)	0.05 (0.01, 0.14)	0.14 (0.11, 0.18)	0.11 (0.08, 0.15)	0.09 (0.06, 0.13)	0.06 (0.00, 0.13)
Average	0.10 (0.08, 0.15)	0.15 (0.11, 0.20)	0.11 (0.09, 0.17)	0.05 (0.02, 0.16)	0.16 (0.13, 0.19)	0.13 (0.11, 0.16)	0.10 (0.07, 0.12)	0.06 (0.00, 0.12)
United States	0.20 (0.17, 0.27)	0.23 (0.18, 0.28)	0.14 (0.12, 0.19)	0.06 (0.03, 0.16)	0.24 (0.21, 0.29)	0.21 (0.18, 0.24)	0.14 (0.11, 0.17)	0.07 (0.00, 0.13)
Estimates based on measured height and weight
Comparison countries
Canada	0.15 (0.12, 0.22)	0.26 (0.20, 0.33)	0.14 (0.11, 0.20)	0.09 (0.04, 0.19)	0.23 (0.19, 0.28)	0.22 (0.18, 0.26)	0.14 (0.10, 0.17)	0.07 (0.00, 0.14)
England	0.17 (0.14, 0.23)	0.22 (0.17, 0.27)	0.17 (0.15, 0.22)	0.09 (0.04, 0.19)	0.22 (0.19, 0.26)	0.18 (0.15, 0.21)	0.13 (0.10, 0.15)	0.11 (0.00, 0.17)
United States	0.22 (0.20, 0.30)	0.26 (0.20, 0.31)	0.18 (0.15, 0.23)	0.09 (0.04, 0.19)	0.26 (0.22, 0.31)	0.23 (0.20, 0.26)	0.17 (0.13, 0.20)	0.10 (0.00, 0.16)

Note. BMI = body mass index (defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters); CI = confidence interval; PAF = population attributable fraction. Source of relative risks is Prospective Studies Collaboration.⁵ The 95% CIs for PAFs incorporate sampling uncertainty in estimates of the distribution of BMI and estimation uncertainty in relative risks of obesity.

Source. Sources and years of data are as follows: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, cycles 2003–2004, 2005–2006, and 2007–2008; Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey, cycle 3.1 (2005); European countries excluding England, Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, wave 1 (2004) and refresher sample from wave 2 (2006–2007); England, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, wave 2 (2004–2005).