TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Mothers and Deliveries Without Previous Cesarean Delivery, by Mother's Insurance Status: New Jersey, 2004–2007
| Characteristic | HMO (n = 195 928), % or Median (IQR) | BlueCross (n = 69 762), % or Median (IQR) | Commercial (n = 27 507), % or Median (IQR) | Medicaid (n = 38 083), % or Median (IQR) | Self-Pay (n = 31 331), % or Median (IQR) | Total (n = 362 611), % or Median (IQR) | P |
| Age, y | 29 (24–33) | 31 (27–34) | 30 (27–34) | 25 (21–29) | 26 (22–31) | 29 (24–33) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | ||||||
| White | 53.2 | 67.2 | 56.6 | 15.8 | 20.8 | 49.4 | |
| Asian | 6.4 | 5.7 | 9.5 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 5.8 | |
| Hispanic | 14.3 | 8.4 | 12.8 | 50.3 | 52.9 | 20.2 | |
| Black | 16.4 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 16.0 | 10.3 | 14.0 | |
| Other | 9.7 | 8.9 | 11.8 | 15.8 | 13.0 | 10.7 | |
| Married | 63.9 | 82.8 | 78.2 | 24.5 | 32.1 | 61.7 | <.001 |
| Nonmetropolitan core | 7.6 | 8.3 | 11.6 | 3.2 | 8.5 | 7.7 | <.001 |
| Fetal heart rate abnormal | 13.0 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 10.3 | 12.7 | <.001 |
| Preterm gestation | 7.9 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 8.5 | 9.3 | 8.1 | <.001 |
| Malpresentation | 6.9 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 7.0 | <.001 |
| Hypertension, other | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 6.8 | <.001 |
| Abnormal glucose tolerance | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.7 | <.001 |
| Oligohydramnios | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.0 | <.001 |
| Macrosomia | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 3.1 | <.001 |
| Mental illness | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | <.001 |
| Maternal soft tissue | 3.0 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.9 | <.001 |
| Rhesus isoimmunization | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.7 | <.001 |
| Asthma | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.6 | <.001 |
| Thyroid disorder | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 2.4 | <.001 |
| Antepartum bleed | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | .003 |
| Unengaged fetal head | 1.8 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.8 | <.001 |
| Chorioamnionitis | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 1.8 | <.001 |
| Multiple gestation | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.7 | <.001 |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | .26 |
| Heart disease | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.7 | <.001 |
| Herpes | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.6 | <.001 |
| Severe hypertension | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | <.001 |
| Other uterine scar | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| Substance use | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| Kidney disorder | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .3 |
| Liver disorders | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .001 |
| Fetal congenital anomaly | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .004 |
| Prelabor primary cesarean delivery | 14.0 | 16.0 | 14.4 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 13.9 | <.001 |
| Labored, vaginal delivery | 74.1 | 71.0 | 73.0 | 77.5 | 79.7 | 74.3 | <.001 |
| Labored, primary cesarean delivery | 11.8 | 13.0 | 12.6 | 11.0 | 9.5 | 11.8 | <.001 |
Note. HMO = health maintenance organization; IQR = interquartile range. Intracranial hemorrhage omitted because rate was < 0.1%.