Table 3.
Production effects (Paratuberculosis clinical cases or mortality rates).
| Vaccine | Country and reference | Year | Number of animals | Age at vaccination | Reduction (%) |
Type of trial | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name/Laboratory | Type | Strain/Antigen | Adjuvant | ||||||
| Cattle | |||||||||
| NCV | Live | 6 strains | Oil | U.S.A. [65] | 1935 | 20 | 1 m | 100,00 | E, MC, CC |
| Weybridge | Live | 316F | P/O/P | U.K. [66] | 1959 | 63401 | 1 m | 93.45 | F, IF, CC |
| Weybridge | Live | 316F | P/O/P | U.K. [67] | 1964 | 2440 | 1 m | 98.36 | F, IF, CC |
| Weybridge | Live | 316F | P/O/P | U.K. [68] | 1965 | 84 | 1 w | 46.67 | E, MC, CC |
| Weybridge | Live | 316F | P/O/P | U.K. [69] | 1982 | 150000 | 1 m | 99.06 | F, IF, CC |
| Fromm | Killed | M.a.a strain 18 | Oil | U.S.A. [70] | 1983 | 48 | 1 m | 35.29 | F, MC, CC |
| - | Live | 316F | P/O/P | France [61] | 1988 | 902 | 1 m | 87.34 | F, IF, CC |
| - | Live | 316F | P/O/P | France [61] | 1988 | 1037 | 1 m | 97.22 | F, IF, CC |
| Lelystad | Killed | - | Oil | Netherlands [59] | 1988 | 851 | 1-24 m | 87.05 | F, IF, CC |
| Lelystad | Killed | - | Oil | Netherlands [71] | 1992 | 61050 | 1 m | 91.82 | F, MC, CC |
| NCV | Killed | - | Oil | Netherlands [72] | 1994 | 337 | 1 m | 79.01 | F, IF, CC |
| NCV | Killed | - | Oil | Netherlands [37] | 1996 | 573 | 1 m | 68.14 | F, CC |
| Average | 96.02 ± 0.01 | ||||||||
| Sheep | |||||||||
| NCV | Live | 316F | Oil Paraffin | Greece [73] | 1988 | 1448 | 1 m | 76.14 | F, MC, TM |
| NCV | Live | 316F | Oil Paraffin | Greece [73] | 1988 | 5526 | Adults | 28.74 | F, MC, TM |
| Lio-Johne | Live | 316F | Oil | Spain [74] | 1993 | 1201 | Adults | 78.29 | F, MC, CC |
| Lio-Johne | Live | 316F | Oil | Spain [75] | 1995 | 570 | 1 m | 52.55 | F, MC, TM |
| Weybridge | Live | 316F | P/O/P | U.K. [76] | 1993 | 830 | Adults | 89.86 | F, IF, CC |
| Neoparasec & NCV | Live & Killed | 316F - |
Oil Oil |
Spain [77] | 1995 | 857 | Adults | 54.55 | F, IF, CC |
| Neoparasec | Live | 316F | Oil | New Zealand [78] | 2000 | 28 | 1-1.5 m | 71.43 | E, MC, CC |
| Gudair | Killed | 316F | Oil | Australia [79] | 2003 | 8000 | 3, 8 m, 2 y | 87.50 | F, IF, mort rate |
| Gudair | Killed | 316F | Oil | Australia [80] | 2004 | 1200 | 1-4 m | 90.00 | F,MC, mort reduction |
| Gudair | Killed | 316F | Oil | Australia [34] | 2006 | 400 | 1-3 m | 91.25 | F, MC, TM |
| Gudair | Killed | 316F | Oil | New Zealand [81] | 2009 | 65 | 4 m | 78.57 | E, MC, CA |
| NCV | Killed | 316F | Lipid-K formulation | New Zealand [81] | 2009 | 65 | 4 m | 57.14 | E, MC, CA |
| NCV | Live | 316F | Lipid-K formulation | New Zealand [81] | 2009 | 65 | 4 m | 14.29 | E, MC, CA |
| NCV | Live | 316F | Lipid-K formulation | New Zealand [81] | 2009 | 65 | 4 m | 35.71 | E, MC, CA |
| Average | 67.57% ± 0.35 | ||||||||
| Goats | |||||||||
| NCV | Live | 316F | Oil Paraffin | Greece [73] | 1988 | 2178 | 1 m | 82.78 | F, MC, TM |
| NCV | Live | 316F | Oil Paraffin | Greece [73] | 1988 | 7773 | Adults | 34.52 | F, MC, TM |
| Average | 45.08 ± 0.39 | ||||||||
NCV: non-commercial vaccine; Weybridge: Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, UK; Fromm: Fromm Laboratories, Grafton, Wisconsin USA; Lelystad: Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands; Lio-Johne, Ovejero, Spain; Neoparasec: Neoparasec®, Merial; Gudair: Gudair®, CZ Veterinaria/Pfizer; P/O/P Paraffin, Olive Oil, Pumice Stone Powder; y: year(s); m: month(s); w: week(s); d: day(s); F: Field trial; E: Experimental infection; MC: Comparison to matched controls; IF: Comparison of initial versus final prevalence; TM: Total mortality; CC: clinical cases; NVH: Comparison to non-vaccinating herds.