Table 2.

Study Characteristics²⁸–³⁷

Reference	N	Power	Age	Sex	Subjects	Total Score	Intervention outcome
Aguilar et al.37	1044	5/5	9–10	Both	Average weight children and adolescents	23/32	Decreased BMI
McMurray et al.29	1140	5/5	11–14	Both	Average weight children and adolescents	22/32	No change in BMI or body composition
Farpour-Lambert et al.30	44	0/5	6.5–10	Both	Pre-pubertal obese children	21/32	Decreased BMI, body composition, abdominal fat, & triglycerides
Meyer et al.32	67	0/5	11–16	Both	Obese adolescents	19/32	Decreased BMI, waist/hip ratio, triglycerides
Kelly et al.33	20	0/5	Mean 10.9	Both	Over-weight children and adolescents	18/32	No significant difference in body weight, BMI, percent body fat, triglycerides
Gutin et al.34	80	0/5	13–16	Both	Obese adolescents	17/32	Decreased total body composition
Heyman et al.28	16	0/5	Mean 16.1	Female	Type 1 Diabetes	16/32	Unchanged body fatness Increased body fatness on controls
Hagstromer et al.35	31	0/5	13–15	Both	Obese adolescents	16/32	No change in BMI & total body weight
Kelly et al.31	19	0/5	Mean 10.8	Both	Over-weight	15/32	No change in total body weight, adipocytes, or adipokines
Tan et al.36	60	0/5	9–10	Both	Obese children	14/32	No difference between BMI, skinfolds & waist girth

^*Results listed in order of methodological quality based on the Downs and Black checklist.²²

^*All study designs are RCTs.