Table I.
Baseline Characteristics of SANDS Participants by A1c stratum
| Baseline Characteristics | ||
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c≤7.5 N=254 |
HbA1c≥7.5 N=237 |
|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Age (years) | 58 (9) | 54 (9)* |
| Female, N (%) | 164 (65) | 158 (67) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34(7) | 33(6) |
| Waist, cm | 111 (15) | 109(14) |
| % Smoker, N (%) | 53 (21) | 45 (19) |
| % Aspirin use (≥ 80 mg), N (%) |
186 (74) | 154 (65)* |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 129 (16) | 132 (16) |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 74 (11) | 76 (10)* |
| CRP nmol/L *** | 24 (21, 28) | 29 (25, 34) |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.6 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.8)* |
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.7 (0.9)* |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L *** | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) | 1.9 (1.8, 2.0)* |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.6 (0.6) | 9.5 (1.5)** |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 85 (21) | 95 (25)* |
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) | 8.5 (44) | 18.7 (59) |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 6.6 (1.7) | 11 (4.3)* |
| Duration of diabetes | 7.3 (7.3) | 10.8 (7.1) |
| Diabetes Therapy | ||
| Lifestyle, N (%) | 47 (19) | 14 (6)* |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents, N (%) | 182 (72) | 196 (83)* |
| Insulin, N (%) | 35 (14) | 86 (37)* |
| Insulin plus oral, N (%) | 192 (76) | 226 (95)* |
| Endpoints | ||
| CIMT mean (mm) | 0.795 (0.17) | .815 (0.19) |
| LVMI(g/m2.7) | 41 (9) | 41 (9) |
*
Significant difference between HbA1c groups at baseline p<0.05
**
The goal was to show the means for each group, this difference must be significant by construction.
***
Geometric mean (95% confidence intervals) is presented. T-tests for baseline are conducted using log-transformed variables.
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CRP = C-reactive protein; CIMT = carotid intima medial thickness; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVMI = left ventricular mass index.