Table 7.

Results of the Mann–Whitney U-tests for significant differences between taxa in each of the comparative groups

	Females					Males
	AEIncl	Temp Angle	Mass Angle	MPAngle	TMJHt/MandLg	AEIncl	Temp Angle	Mass Angle	MPAngle	TMJHt/MandLg
Alouatta seniculus vs. Ateles geoffroyi	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.263	0.243	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.006	0.141	0.001	IS
Alouatta seniculus vs. Lagothrix lagothrica	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.234	0.327	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.054	0.291	0.004	0.013**
Cebus apella vs. Cebus albifrons	0.022	0.026	0.003	0.022	0.072	0.001	0.002	0.003*	0.070	IS
Cebus apella vs. Cebus capucinus	0.003	0.004	0.003	0.002*	0.324	0.085	0.009	0.044*	0.207	IS
Macaca fuscata vs. Macaca fascicularis	0.004	0.004	0.281	0.014	0.150	0.002	0.017	0.330	0.158	IS
Macaca fuscata vs. Macaca nemestrina	0.016	0.016	0.086	0.474	0.326	< 0.001	0.005	0.147	0.006	< 0.001
Macaca sylvanus vs. Macaca fascicularis	0.005	0.005	< 0.001	0.484	0.136	0.223	0.018	0.318	0.187	IS
Macaca sylvanus vs. Macaca nemestrina	0.040	0.040	< 0.001	0.025	0.272	0.015	0.001	0.500	0.330	IS
Theropithecus gelada vs. Papio anubis	0.018**	0.018**	0.139**	0.461	0.248**	< 0.001	0.001	0.300	0.003	< 0.001
Theropithecus gelada vs. Papio cynocephalus	0.073**	0.073**	0.105**	0.364	0.186	< 0.001	0.018	0.046*	0.336	< 0.001
Gorilla gorilla vs. Pan troglodytes	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.039	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.018	< 0.001
Pongo pygmaeus vs. Pan troglodytes	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.158	0.001	0.225	0.002	0.452	0.014	0.067	0.001

Critical alpha was set at 0.05/5 = 0.01. Significant results are shown in bold (and unless otherwise specified are one-tailed P-values).

^*Difference is in opposite direction than predicted; P-values shown are for two-tailed test.

^**Comparisons may be marginally significant due to reduced sample sizes (n< 3 for at least one group).

AE, articular eminence; IS, insufficient samples of this variable for analysis; TMJ, temporomandibular joint.