Table 1.

Mean ± SD levels of lead exposure biomarkers by general characteristics at baseline.

Table 1. Mean ± SD levels of lead exposure biomarkers by general characteristics at baseline.

Baseline characteristic

n

Tibia lead (µg/g)

n

Patella lead (µg/g)

n

Blood lead (µg/dL)

Age (years)

< 60

96

15.0 ± 8.4

96

22.4 ± 11.9

95

5.2 ± 2.9

60–64

140

19.2 ± 9.1

142

26.0 ± 12.9

139

6.1 ± 4.4

65–69

175

22.5 ± 12.8

175

31.5 ± 17.5

170

6.2 ± 3.5

≥ 70

183

26.0 ± 12.8

186

36.3 ± 21.0

185

5.7 ± 3.3

BMI (kg/m2)

< 25

134

21.0 ± 9.4

133

28.9 ± 14.6

132

5.5 ± 3.7

25–29

313

22.0 ± 12.3

315

31.1 ± 18.5

310

6.0 ± 3.6

≥ 30

147

21.2 ± 13.5

151

29.6 ± 18.5

147

5.9 ± 3.4

Education (years)

≤ 12 (≤ high school)

61

28.2 ± 18.9

63

38.0 ± 20.8

62

6.2 ± 3.7

13–15 (some college)

213

22.6 ± 11.5

214

33.0 ± 19.2

211

6.1 ± 3.5

16 (college graduate)

252

20.6 ± 10.3

255

27.5 ± 15.8

249

5.6 ± 3.3

> 16 (graduate school)

68

16.4 ± 8.1

67

24.6 ± 12.2

67

5.6 ± 4.5

Albumin-adjusted serum calcium tertiles (mg/dL)

8.38–9.31

204

20.1 ± 12.0

206

27.8 ± 17.2

201

5.4 ± 2.9

9.32–9.58

188

21.9 ± 11.6

190

30.2 ± 17.6

191

5.9 ± 4.0

9.61–10.82

202

22.9 ± 12.2

203

32.8 ± 18.0

197

6.2 ± 3.7

Smoking status

Never

175

20.3 ± 11.2

175

28.5 ± 17.7

174

5.8 ± 3.4

Former

368

22.2 ± 12.5

372

31.0 ± 18.2

364

5.7 ± 3.5

Current

51

21.6 ± 10.6

52

30.7 ± 13.2

51

7.0 ± 4.5

QT prolongation medication

Yes

100

21.9 ± 12.5

102

29.7 ± 15.1

100

6.0 ± 3.5

No

494

21.5 ± 11.9

497

30.4 ± 18.2

489

5.8 ± 3.6

Diabetes

Yes

73

23.0 ± 11.1

74

32.7 ± 17.7

72

5.2 ± 3.0

No

521

21.4 ± 12.1

525

29.9 ± 17.7

517

5.9 ± 3.6

Hypertension

Yes

328

22.6 ± 13.0

329

31.3 ± 18.4

325

5.8 ± 3.3

No

266

20.4 ± 10.5

270

29.0 ± 16.7

264

5.9 ± 3.9

Myocardial infarction

Yes

35

21.5 ± 8.3

36

31.0 ± 16.8

35

6.7 ± 3.8

No

559

21.6 ± 12.2

563

30.2 ± 17.8

554

5.8 ± 3.6