Fig. 8.

A proposed model of synergistic interactions between ET and JA signalling pathways in the regulation of AAL toxin-induced PCD in detached tomato leaves. Both JA and ET pathways promote AAL toxin-induced PCD alone. Furthermore, JA signalling mediated through JAII seems to act upstream of ET biosynthesis in this PCD process. Simplified JA and ET pathways are included in two rectangles composed of dashed lines and dots, respectively. Mutant lines in which the components of ET or JA signalling alter were used in this study. Solid arrows represent positive interactions, whereas T-bars indicate inhibition.