Cd tolerance of wild-type and AtPCSox seedlings. Wild-type, AtPCSox-1, AtPCSox-3, AtPCSox-4, and AtPCSox-5 seedlings were incubated on medium containing 0, 15, 30 or 60 μM CdSO4 (A, B) or 0, 90 or 180 μM CdSO4 (C, D), or 0 or 180 μM CdSO4 (F). Fresh weight was measured after 9 d (A, C). Root length was measured after 9 d (B, D) or 5 d (F). (E) Wild-type and AtPCSox-5 seedlings at 0 μM CdSO4 (left), 15 μM CdSO4 (middle), 90 μM CdSO4 (right). Wild-type seedlings show no root growth inhibition at 15 μM CdSO4, whereas AtPCSox-5 root growth is inhibited. Wild-type seedlings show severe root growth inhibition and foliar chlorosis at 90 μM CdSO4. AtPCSox-5 root growth inhibition is comparable to the wild type, but foliar chlorosis is not observed. (F) AtPCSox-3, AtPCSox-4, and AtPCSox-5 root growth is less inhibited than the wild type after 5 d at 180 μM CdSO4. Fresh weight values correspond to means ±SE (n=6). Root length values correspond to means ±SE (n=6). Significant differences from wild type are indicated (*P <0.05, **P <0.01).