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Rest- and voluntary submersion-associated apneas do not induce oxidative damage in elephant seal pups. Mean (±s.e.m.) (A) plasma concentration of 8-isoprostanes (8-isoPGF2α) before, during and after rest- and voluntary submersion-associated apneas, and (B) muscle nitrotyrosine (NT) and (C) muscle 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) concentration before (eupnea) and after repetitive apneas. *Significant (P<0.05) difference from eupnea.
