Table 1. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the QLD study populations.
| Characteristics | Men with prostate cancer (n = 1011) n (%) | Healthy controls (n = 1405) n (%) |
| Age in years (median, range) | 64 (43–88) | 62 (18–75) |
| BMI (Mean, SD) | 24.3 (11.6) | 26.5 (7.3) |
| Marital status | ||
| Never married | 40 (4) | 101 (7) |
| Married/de facto | 847 (84) | 1124 (80) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 118 (11) | 161 (12) |
| Unknown | 6 (1) | 25 (1) |
| Family history of prostate cancera | ||
| No | 722 (72) | 1253 (89) |
| Yes | 286 (28) | 151 (11) |
| Vasectomy statusb | ||
| No | 109 (72) | 847 (62) |
| Yes | 43 (28) | 521 (38) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smokedc | 404 (40) | 596 (42) |
| Former smoker | 527 (52) | 751 (54) |
| Current smoker | 78 (8) | 37 (3) |
| Unknown | 2 (0) | 21 (2) |
| Alcohol consumptionb | ||
| Non-drinker | 57 (38) | 180 (13) |
| Drinker | 95 (62) | 1207 (87) |
| Highest education level achieved | ||
| No formal education/primary school | 139 (14) | 245 (17) |
| Secondary school | 361 (36) | 330 (24) |
| Technical college | 321 (32) | 447 (32) |
| University | 180 (17) | 365 (26) |
| Unknown | 10 (1) | 18 (1) |
| Self reported Serum PSA levels | ||
| <4 ng/ml | 119 (12) | Not measured |
| 4–10 ng/ml | 526 (52) | Not measured |
| >10 ng/ml | 249 (24) | Not measured |
| Unknown | 126 (12) | Not measured |
| Gleason score (Gleason grade 1+Gleason grade 2) | ||
| <7 | 231 (23) | Not applicable |
| ≥7 | 559 (55) | Not applicable |
| Unknown | 221 (22) | Not applicable |
a
positive family history is defined as at least one first degree relative with prostate cancer.
b
Data was not collected for the retrospective study. Study characteristics differed significantly between cases and controls (P<0.01).
c
Smokers are people who smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their entire life.